Context: Mortality related to intubation occurs as a result of multiple factors such as patient's condition, operator's skills, equipment use, intubation time, duration of laryngoscopy and intubation, and drugs and dosage used for endotracheal intubation (ETI). Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine mortality related to intubation and the overall intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rate in adult general ICUs. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials and cohort and cross-sectional research from three electronic databases with hand searching. The studies reported mortality related to intubation and the overall ICU mortality rate in adult general ICUs. Our search resulted in 28 published articles without any restriction on date and language. The systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine mortality related to intubation and the overall ICU mortality rate. Results: We found 7,866 articles in the literature review from the three databases based on our keywords, of which 28 studies were eligible to include in the study. We observed that mortality related to intubation and the overall ICU mortality rate in intubated patients were 1% and 30%, respectively. Conclusions: This was the first comprehensive systematic review on mortality related to intubation and the overall ICU mortality rate in adult general ICUs, which showed the current care of ETI. However, it was associated with increased complications, which may increase mortality.
Background. Postoperative laparoscopic cholecystectomy period is often associated with nausea and vomiting, which is stopped by an antiemetics injected intravenously. Meanwhile, it is known that the oral pregabalin before surgery to potentiate the effect of opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications during anesthesia also has an antiemetic effect.The objective was to evaluate the effect of oral pregabalin to reduce the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases.Methods and Materials. Randomized double blind study. One hundred patients of the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class1 were tested and divided into two groups. The first group did not receive any antiemetics preoperatively. The second group received 75 mg of oral pregabalin 30 minutes before anesthesia. We followed up patients postoperatively in the recovery room and general surgical ward for 24 hours, recorded the incidence of nausea and vomiting, prescription of any antiemetics and developing their side effects. We assessed the risk of developing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting by the use of the Koivuranta score.Results. Statistical analysis using SPSS showed a significant reduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the second group (pregabalin) compared with the first group.Conclusion. Preoperative 75 mg of oral pregabalin has antiemetic effect on postoperative time. No significant postoperative side effects were noted.
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