Allergic rhinitis (AR) is especially prevalent among the population of large cities. Immunologically, the airway epithelium is a region where the population of allergen-presenting cells concentrates. These cells actively express a group of receptors of the innate immune system. A specific cytokine profile is its representation. The study was aimed at evaluating the cytokine profile in patients with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. The cytokine profile of nasal secretion and blood serum of 44 patients with AR was studied. 24 of them had seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), and 20 patients suffered from perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). The patients' age ranged from 4 to 60 years. It was determined in our study that the activation of the GM-CSF production retained in patients with PAR sensitized to mite allergen components (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). There was a higher production profile of TNF-α and TSLP in nasal secretion in the patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and additional high sensitization to SEs. Sensitization to mold fungal allergen components significantly increases in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. They demonstrated high level of sensitization to the Aspergillus fumigatus component m3. Thus, along with other clinical trials, the study performed would clarify some aspects of molecular pathogenesis of human allergic rhinitis.
The objective of the present study was to analyze the causes of sudden death in the general population and in the fraction of the young subjects (below 39 years of age). The results of the original retrospective study were obtained in the course of forensic medical autopsies of the subjects aged below 39 years that had been carried out during a period of 10 years. It was shown that one of the causes behind sudden death among the young subjects is cardiovascular disorders associated with the pre-existing pathological condition in the form of connective tissue dysplasia. The principal mechanism underlying sudden death among the young subjects has an arrhythmogenic nature. The development of terminal symptoms is promoted by a number of provocative factors including sporting activities, physical loading, psychoemotional stress, and alcohol consumption.
Представлен обзор литературы по проблеме внезапной смерти (ВС) лиц молодого возраста в условиях разных видов физической нагрузки. Приведены статистические показатели ВС, факторы риска, морфологические субстраты и структурные изменения, способствующие ее наступлению. Приведены случаи ВС лиц молодого возраста при занятиях любительским спортом, в спорте высоких достижений, а также определена роль физической нагрузки и психоэмоционального фактора в развитии терминальных процессов. Отражены факторы риска и вопросы генетической предуготовленности к наступлению внезапной сердечной смерти преимущественно лиц мужского пола. Рассмотрены вопросы внезапной сердечной смерти и патологии сердца, которая становится основной причиной смерти.
The present article was designed to summarize the results of the 20 year scientific, practical, and educational activities of the Department of Forensic Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovsky University). The main directions of the research work and achievements of the Department's staff are described, and the prospects for its further development are highlighted. The new approaches to and technologies for the teaching and training specialists in forensic medicine are introduced to meet the novel requirements imposed in the framework of the ongoing reform of higher medical education in accordance with the main principles of the Bologna declaration.
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