Jujube, Ziziphus mauritiana L. is the King of arid zone fruits, due to its adaptations to tolerate the biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the occurrence of insect pest is the major threat to reduce the quality and quantity of fruits. The current studies are the first comprehensive evidence on the population density of foliage insect pests evaluated on two different varieties, Golden Gola (susceptible) and White Kherol (resistance) at farmer's field Tando Qaiser, District Hyderabad during 2007 and 2008. A total of 13 different insect pests which were categorized as major (Ancylis sativa, Euproctis fraterna and Adoretus pallens), minor (Scirtothrips dorsalis, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Myllocerus discolor, Achaea janata, Agrotis biconica and Aphis gossypii) and occasional (Oxycareous hyalinipennis, Dichromorpha viridis, Tarucus balkanicus and Orgyia postica) based on overall population of two years. The mean population percentage of insect pests indicates the highest percentage for E. fraterna followed by A. pallens, A. biguttula biguttula, M. discolor and S. dorsalis on White Kherol, whereas, Golden Gola was severely infested and showed maximum percentage with A. sativa followed by E. fraterna, S. dorsalis, A. pallens and A. biguttula biguttula. It is concluded that A. sativa, E. fraterna and A. pallens are serious insect pests of jujube. Pest monitoring with direct count and light trap can help to determine the ETL that is most important for the management of various insect pests including these major and minor pest. The present study will hopefully be helpful for management of foliage insect pests of jujube.
The survey on various parameters showed that the degree of orchard infestation fluctuated by time period/seasons, so attack of red palm weevil varied on different months of the year during the study period. It was observed that this insect pest had significantly higher (16%) infestation in the months of June, July and August, during experimental period. The least attack (8%) of the weevil was in the months of January, September, October, November and December in both the years (2007 and 2008). Place of infestation of weevil on date palm stem revealed that the pest infestation was mostly concentrated at the base of trunk (up to 50 cm height) and 75 to 82% of total weevil infestations were located at the base of palm trunk. Spirotetramat insecticide was found most efficient treatment to control red palm weevil infestation/damage, which recovered (43%) damaged date palm trees, followed by Fipronil (33%), Chlorpyrifos (26%) and Methidathion (19%) during the year 2007 and 2008.
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