В данном исследовании представлены сведения об изменчивости в уровнях плоидности и размера генома регенерантов R. acetosa полученных методами не прямого и прямого морфогенеза в культуре in vitro. Культивирование мезофильных эксплантов проводили в присутствии ауксинов для поддержания пролиферации каллуса с последующем стимулированием непрямого морфогенеза. Для стимулирования прямого морфогенеза, апикальные меристемы проростков культивировали на питательных средах с преобладанием цитокининов. Исследование уровня плоидности и размера генома проводили методами проточной цитометрии и световой микроскопии. Нами установлено, что максимальные вариации в размере генома регенерантов отмечаются для растений, полученных через процесс непрямого морфогенеза. Также, в данном случае, были отмечены тетраплоидные формы с удвоенным содержанием ДНК. Altai State University, 656049, Barnaul, Lenina ave, mariakholodkova@gmail.com, m_kucev@mail.ru, serg_sm_@mail.ru, ssbgbot@mail.ru, amatsyura@gmail.com We presented results of variations in the ploidy level and the genome size of the R. acetosa regenerants. These regenerants was obtained by indirect and direct morphogenesis in in vitro culture. Explants were prepared from seedlings on the three-leaf stage of plant development. More than 100 explants were used to stimulate the indirect and direct morphogenesis. Mesophilic explants were cultured on the MS nutrient medium containing auxin to callus proliferation (2 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L BA). Cultivation of the callus was maintained for 4 weeks followed by an indirect morphogenes. Indirect morphogenesis stimulated on the MS medium with cytokinin and gibberellic acid predominance (0.5 mg/L BA, 0.2 mg/L GA3). Direct stimulate morphogenesis from the apical meristem of seedlings on nutrient media with a predominance of cytokinins (1 mg/L BA, 0.25 mg/L NAA). Rhizogenesis have stimulated by transferring of the regenerants to the ½MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L of NAA. Research of a ploidy level and genome size was performed by flow cytometry used propidium iodide staining with Vicia faba cv "Innovec" (2C=26.90 pg) as internal DNA standard. We calculated the relative DNA content (2C) for R. acetosa equal to 6,98 pg. Cytogenetical analisis showed that the maximum genome size variation recorded for regenerants obtained through the indirect morphogenesis. Variations in the genome size of the regenerants obtained by direct morphogenesis deviates from the control group to 0.30 pg (2С=7.28 pg) and after indirect morphogenesis to 1.04 pg (2С=8.2 pg). Cytogenetical analysis of the regenerated plants showed the presence of different somatic chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 14 to 2n = 28. The relative DNA content of tetraploid forms was 11.87 pg. In our study was shown, that the most effective method of plant conservation in the in vitro culture is a direct morphogenesis. Analysis of the relative nuclear DNA content and chromosome counts of regenerants obtained by indirect morphogenesis from the callus cultures showed significant variations in the ...
The increase of bacterial resistance to synthobiotics makes it relevant to search for new medicinal materials with antibiotic properties. Antimicrobials based on plants represent a huge untapped source of medicines. Antibiotic properties of 34 plant species of Altai flora are studied in this paper. Extracts from plants were obtained by supercritical fluid extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide. Antimicrobial activity of these extracts was determined by micromethod of serial dilutions in liquid media. Escherichia coli XL-1 blue and Staphylococcus aureus 209 strains were used as test-cultures. Upon the results of the study, the extracts from raw material of Penthaphylloides fruticosa and Ribes nigrum can be considered as the most promising for further pharmacological evaluation as new medicinal materials
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