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and summer seasons of 2015 to study the spatial distribution of young and old honeybee drones Apis mellifera L.. The obtained results showed that the spatial distribution of drones was differed according to their ages and seasons of the year. Generally the immature adult drones tend to concentrate on the brood combs, whereas the mature ones were showed on peripheral combs. On the other hand during the cold months the majority of young drones were showed on the central combs, whereas the stable temperature which was suitable for their sexual maturity.

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This study was carried out in the apiary yard of Agricultural Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza Governorate, Egypt, during the active season of 2014, (from March to October). The work determined the effect of stored queens densities (20, 30 and 40 queen / colony), cage level (upper and lower levels) and it's position (peripheral and middle positions) on the supersedure rate of queens stored in queen-right colony for 45 and 75 days. Storing mated queens in the mentioned densities had a significant effect on their replacement rate, as the lowest significant replacement rate was for storing 20 and 30 mated queens (20.0% and 30.0%, respectively), while density of 40 queens had the highest significant percentage (45.0%). Concerning the upper and lower levels of storing cages, the mean percentages of supersedure reached it's highest rank when the cages contained queens stored in the lower level (35.0%) of the holding frame, while the upper level had a less significant mean of replacement recording 25.0%. Queens stored at the peripheral position had a higher significant supersedure rate (45.0%), while only 20.0% of the queens stored in the middle position have been replaced. Supersedure rate was influenced positively with increase of storage period, as queens stored for 75 days had the highest significant replacement rate (35.6%) comparing to the 45 days storage period (27.2%).The overall supersedure rate ranged from 30.0% to 32.5% throughout the experiments, which encourage and give another importance to of storing mated honeybee queens.

The activity of honey bee foragers in collecting pollen, nectar or both from flowers of three plum, (Prunus sp.) cultivars (cvs.) was investigated during the flowering season of two successive years,(2012 &2013) on plum orchard at El-Qalubia Governorate, Egypt. In general, Hollywood plum cultivar was significantly more attractant to bee foragers than Santarosa and Golden Japanese cvs.,during two studied seasons. For all studied cultivars, honeybee workers visited flowers throughout the day time with highest activity at 2 p.m. Highest percentage of pollen gathered was recorded on flowers of Hollywood cultivar 37.7% & 35.4%, followed by Golden Japanese 29.9% & 28.2% then Santarosa flowers 26.1% & 27.4% during the two seasons, respectively. Activity of pollen collection was concentrated in the early time of day for all cultivars with the highest peak at 11 a.m., (mean of 40.9%), while the lowest value was 20.4% at 5 p.m. In the other hand, Golden Japanese flowers were significantly attracted the nectar foragers than Santarosa and Hollywood flowers through the two seasons, (37.3% & 36.4%; 34.8% & 33.1% and 28.0% & 27.6% for the previous plum cultivars, respectively). Nectar gathering activity by honeybee from all plum cultivars was strongly concentrated in the second half of day time with a highest mean percentage (43.0%) at 2 p.m.The collection of both nectar and pollen in the same trip by one forager was also observed on the three studied plum cultivars during the two seasons of study. Santarosa flowers attained the first rank encouraging honeybee workers for gathering the both types of food, (39.3%) followed by (35.6%) for Hollywood and (34.2%) for Golden Japanese, (as a mean of two seasons). The more favorite time for this activity pattern is early morning, (44.3%) or late afternoon, (41.8%) with no significant difference between them as a mean of two successive seasons.