The relation between (non-) conservation responses and the reasons given for these reactions was investigated among 80 6-year-old children. It was found that partial conservers gave perceptual reasons for their non-conservation responses and identity arguments for their conservation reactions. Language-activation training promoted both the acquisition of the conservation response and the giving of an adequate reason for this response by those children who were partial conservers and already on the border line of conservation. The role played by the identity concept in conservation-acquisition was stressed in interpreting these results.

We report a case of an infant with HIV receiving raltegravir granules for oral suspension and rifampicin-based TB prophylaxis. Raltegravir trough levels remained subtherapeutic and viral load increased during concurrent rifampicin therapy despite using double-dosed raltegravir. Even after rifampicin therapy, a higher dose was needed. This highlights the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments of raltegravir in infants with rifampicin as comedication.

Ceftazidime is an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections in term neonates undergoing controlled therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia. We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of ceftazidime in asphyxiated neonates during hypothermia, rewarming, and normothermia and propose a population-based rational dosing regimen with optimal PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) target attainment.