Problem statement:The Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation (RENA) is currently being used as a cleanup technology in polluted environments in the Niger Delta and other parts of the globe. The effectiveness of RENA as a remediation technology in the most recent time has been challenged by few authorities. The deleterious effects of pollutants on the environment have led to increased awareness and vigilance against contamination of the Niger Delta environment. Bio remediation which has been defined as biological response to environmental abuse has continued to receive research attentions across the globe. This study addresses issues against the RENA and recommended ways forward. Approach: The review paper studied published articles and Oil companies routine practices of managing petroleum hydrocarbon polluted Environments including mangrove swamps from 1970 till date. The Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation (RENA) is currently being used as a cleanup technology in polluted environments in the Niger Delta including mangrove ecosystems. Results: The study made inputs on the controversial issues around RENA technology and recommended certain ways forward. This revision also reported the ways of managing the concerns raised against RENA. Conclusion/Recommendations: Oil firms, remediation contractors and consultants using this RENA approach should employ strict monitoring during the process and also adhere strictly to standard practices and the mitigation measures for all the cases against RENA as documented in this review study. This is to ensure the achievement of Sustainable Development.
The mercury in sediment cores from Dianshan Lake, Shanghai is studied in this study and it indicates that the mercury level changing from 52.78-145.66 μg kg-1 in sediment can be obviously divided into three sections responding to the development of economy of Shanghai. Mercury decreases with depth in 0-11 cm underground, which is corresponding to the depositing period after 1980; and it is in less change with depth in 11-16 cm, which is corresponding to the period of middle 1960s-1980s. Below 16 cm Hg is decreasing with depth more obviously, which is corresponding to the period from the establishment of the Peopleâs Republic of China to the beginning of the Culture Revolution in 1970s. These indicate that the pollutants transported to the Dianshan Lake before 1980s are less than that after 1980 and in the period of 1970s Hg transportation to the Dianshan Lake is relatively decreasing with time. This mercury-increasing trend in the Dianshan Lake is consistent with the mercury release from coal combustion and non-coal sources in Yangtze Delta (mainly including Jiangsu, Zhejiang provinces and Shanghai) and is also a reflection of the economy development in Shanghai; It is, however, not associated that close to the protection of the lake. These facts indicate that the atmospheric deposition is probably the main source of mercury in the Dianshan Lake and the mercury level would probably be evidently increasing in this lake in certain period of time in the future even though protection efforts are now in process in Shanghai.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.