The analysis of the historical development of education reveals one of the main driving forces in its growth. In order to describe it, we introduce and research a new social and philosophical concept: Apollo's challenge. This essence of the challenge is that society must resolve periodically emerging contradictions between the demands of growing rational knowledge and the social and cultural conditions for this knowledge existence and development. It is shown that in the case when society creates social provisions for new rational knowledge appropriate for the needs of developing this knowledge, the latter can continue its advanced development. This development is determined by incremental rational knowledge, realized in various spheres of society, determines its progressive development.
Some philosophers are unjustified in their attempts to remove the category of truth from philosophy and science and to replace it with the concepts of sense, validity, and plausibility. This paper considers classical and nonclassical concepts of truth. The paper aims to substantiate the hypothesis about the possibility of synthesizing rational features of existing concepts and creating a universal (general) theory of truth. This theory can be built on the concept of correspondence, since only here the essence of truth is defined as knowledge corresponding to reality. Other concepts reflect, with varying degrees of accuracy, different characteristics of true knowledge, the conditions for its acquisition, justification, acceptance in the scientific community, functioning, use, and in some cases equate the essence of truth with its criterion. Five criteria of truth are distinguished: empirical confirmation (leading criterion); logical provability; heuristicity of hypotheses; simplicity; and beauty.
The dark humour popularity is widespread significantly in XX-XXI centuries. The role of mass media with its tragical events detailed elaboration as well as underlying social and cultural alterations could be detected as possible causes for the current event. First of all, we could speak about alteration of the attitude in the society towards laughter and humour, from negative in general to generally positive. Due to this fact the dark humour being and ambiguous one became quite a usual event for us. Significant part of dark humour jokes is dedicated to children (to themes of children's mortality, disability, paedophilia, etc.) Samples of such dark humour could be found both in the folklore of the last century and in up to date stand-up comedian's soliloquies. We give the analysis of possible reasons for the popularity of motives for children's mortality and children's suffering which are represented in the genre of dark humour. We consider the influence of the news mass media as well as an alteration of society's attitude towards problems of a child, childhood and children's mortality are the most significant reasons for above popularity.
The study reviews scientific papers on the competent use of humor in education. The main advantages of using humor as an active pedagogical technique are considered, and the subtleties and risks of using various forms of humor in the classroom are analyzed.
This article is devoted to the topic of humor and religion collision, which becomes trending. Increasingly, jokes, memes, caricatures are in the center of religious scandals, criminal cases and even terrorist acts. The history of relationships between laughter and religion is full of contradictions and raises many questions. For a long time, people underestimated the positive qualities of laughter and phenomena associated with it. They considered laughter, associated with sin and vice, only from the standpoint of critical, moralizing tonein no small part thanks to the medieval theology. However, starting around the end of the 19th century, there is a gradual change in the attitude of society towards the phenomena of laughter and humor. This trend affects all spheres of social and cultural life, including partly theology. However, the traditional religious worldview is still characterized by a significant degree of distrust towards laughter, fun, play, and humor. The presence of a hidden confrontation, between the religious attitude to these phenomena and the general trend of their positive reassessmentcan add additional tension in situations of offensive humor or humiliation by humor. Conflicts, which are based on dissatisfaction with specific examples of humor, on the one hand, are no different from conflicts occurring based on works of art for example. On the other hand, humor can provoke the inclusion of additional risks for one of the parties to the conflictprimarily reputational ones.
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