Introduction. It is obviously essential to form economic thinking among students with major in architecture. The notion of the cost effectiveness of the elements of the projected residential environment determines a comprehensive approach to the architectural planning of residential construction with due regard to: requirements for land use planning and urban development zoning, based on building types varying in their use, form of property, services, functionality, number of floors and quality classes; transport and pedestrian traffic, which provides an optimal access to the external supporting infrastructure; landscape planning requirements of sustainable environment. The practical relevance of methodological recommendations lies in the use of the algorithm for evaluating the facility under design, which provides for an effective model of economic development of residential construction. The purpose of methodological recommendations is to illustrate the cost effectiveness of the most appropriate design solution, which covers scientifically based estimation designing criteria in terms of cost indicators, results and the payback period of the implemented investment and construction project. The scientific novelty involves the development of the Algorithm as well as the Procedure for evaluation of a comprehensive cost-effective design model within the scope of architectural planning of residential areas. Materials and methods. The following materials were used: methodological recommendations, rules and regulations, regulations on the permitted use of land plots and capital structures of the Rules for land use and development, the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, regulations on marginal construction costs. Within the scope of reviewing regulatory documents, methods of comparative and absolute effectiveness, the analysis and synthesis of methods for planning, designing and implementing remodeled and new architectural and construction facilities were applied. Results. Scientifically based proposals on the application of the Algorithm of organizational and methodical phases for comprehensive cost-effective modeling of a residence building. Conclusions. The hypothesis regarding the creation of an algorithm for evaluating cost effectiveness of residential construction development has been confirmed.
The housing policy carried out in Russia in the 90s of the XX century led to the emergence of a new type of apartment building (multiple dwelling), which is essentially a kind of conglomerate of a municipal building with privatized flats. This practice of combining forms of ownership continues to this day, but if the old nine and five-story residential buildings despite their typical monotony nevertheless created a cozy and in many ways human environment, modern apartment buildings are faceless panel, very denselypopulated “catalogue boxes” with the same faceless forms of ownership, when the owners of flats and social and commercial tenants coexist in the same residential building. Such super-dense construction ensures a quick payback of investments to the builders, investors and developers, while simultaneously imposing on the consumer a close proximity of absolute strangers, including anonymous-aggressive activities of the management companies. The current situation of the construction of multi-storey and high-rise multiple dwellings leads to inefficient use of land, generating a truly depressed architecture of mass utilitarian consciousness. The dominance of large-scale apartment buildings must be stopped, while the forms of ownership and management must be disaggregated and differentiated. Mass development can and should be represented by more diverse volume-spatial solutions of build up with different heights and various types of filling (townhouses, blocked buildings, suburbias, etc.) taking into account new effective forms of private rental entrepreneurship and management.
The main type of housing construction in modern Russia is an apartment building (MKD) with combined types of property: commercial and municipal (state). The current situation is a direct reflection of the inexpressive architectural appearance of mass residential development. Municipal apartments of the state form of ownership, which are part of the MKD, can and should be allocated to a separate class of social housing with subsequent architectural and spatial development and taking into account new effective forms of private rental entrepreneurship and management. The reason for this are the intensive efforts of state structures, which are increasingly entering the rental housing market, creating competition for the shadow sector of rented apartments by the so-called private “rentiers.” In this regard, two main directions for the development of social houses of private-state entrepreneurship were identified: rental apartment buildings of a commercial type and municipal houses of a non-commercial type. The development of social houses of private-state entrepreneurship will take into account the socio-economic needs of society and will make the architecture of residential development more diverse.
Nowadays travelers all over the world are eager to see local traditional architecture typical for the given area. But the globalization processes that penetrated into architectural sphere as well, have turned the historical centers of many towns and cities into twins in their spatial pattern, technologies and materials used. As a rule, these are buildings made of glass and concrete, so characteristic for rational contemporary solutions. At the same time, there is historical architecture, surprisingly surviving in quiet outskirts of southern Russian cities and attracting genuine interest. Using photometry methods, the authors have detected, analyzed and graphically processed these examples. This architecture retained facade patterns representing artistic work of different people inhabiting the region. Each of these nations brought their own national traditions in the way of life and ornamental decoration of houses in specific form and pattern. It gives room for imagination of modern architects.
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