There are presented data of the first stage of the secondary screening of antagonist strains from a collection of the biological methods laboratory of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops to the aggressive isolate of Phoma macdonaldii Boerema infecting sunflower. We used methods of ‘agar blocks’ and ‘perforated Petri dishes’. As a result of a screening of 55 antagonist strains to Phoma macdonaldii pathogen we selected 17 promising strains-producers of microbiological preparations having biological efficiency exceeding 40.0 %. In control variant without seed treatment sunflower seedlings infection was up to 76.2 %, and maximal biological efficiency of laboratory samples from fungi-producers were determined for a strain M-24 Penicillium sp. (73.8 %); from bacteria of a genus Bacillus – for a strain D-10 Bacillus sp. (74.2%); from bacteria of a genus Pseudomonas – for a strain Sgc-1 Pseudomonas sp. (73.8 %). Maximal colonizing activity were noted for fungi-producers M-24 Penicillium sp. (85.7 %) and Xk-1 Ch. olivaceum (71.4 %), as well as for bacteria of a genus Bacillus – 5B-1 B. subtilis (71.4 %) and a genus Pseudomonas – Oif 2-1 Pseudomonas sp. and 14-3 P. chlororaphis (71.4 %) against Phoma infection in control of 70.0 %.
Представлены результаты второго этапа вторичного скрининга 32 перспективных штаммов антагонистов из коллекции лаборатории биометода ВНИИМК к возбудителю фузариоза льна масличного Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Shyd. et Hans. var. orthoceras (App. et Wr.) Bilai на фоне искусственного заражения патогеном в лабораторных условиях в почвосмеси (80,0 %). Установлен 21 перспективный штамм-продуцент микробиопрепаратов, показавших биологическую эффективность лабораторных образцов по поражению корней возбудителем фузариоза, превы-шающую 50,0 % и высокую всхожесть семян. При этом одновременно максимальная всхожесть семян и высокая эффективность препаратов по поражению корней возбудителем фузариоза установлена у девяти штаммов:
We carried the work in the biomethod laboratory of the crop management department of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. We modified the method of artificial inoculation of sunflower seedlings with a pathogen in a laboratory conditions for the secondary screening of antagonist strains from the collection of the biomethod laboratory to Phoma rot pathogen. We developed a five-point scale for evaluation of affection degree of sunflower seedlings by Phoma rot pathogen: 0 points – healthy seedlings; 1 point – darkening of the root tip, intensive development of lateral roots; 2 points – darkening of the root by a third or up to the middle, but intensive development of lateral roots; 3 points – necking of rot in the middle of the root or between the hypocotyl and the root, lateral roots are poorly developed; 4 points – root rotting to the middle or necking between the hypocotyl and the root, but intensive development of lateral roots; 5 points – complete rotting of the root, lateral roots are poorly developed or absent; 1-3 – viable seedlings; 4-5 – non-viable seedlings. The optimal period of exposure of the root tips of sunflower seedlings to the pathogen colony equal to 3 hours develops an average background of infection with the pathogen (60.0 %) already on the first day, at which it is possible to evaluate at an early stage the difference between the variants by the colonizing activity of laboratory samples of microbiological preparations.
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