Salvia involucrata Cav., the Rose-leaf sage, is a species endemic to east Mexico which has been in cultivation since at least the late 18th century. It is little-known as a native species but is widely cultivated and various cultivars and cultivated hybrids are also known. Salvia puberula Fern. is treated as belonging to S. involucrata but has been subject to different interpretations over the years.
Summary The history and application of the name chia and its scientific equivalent, Salvia hispanica, are outlined. The relationship of S. hispanica with other species known as chia is discussed including those within the genus Salvia and those without. Its native distribution and habitat are described. Chia was an important crop in Aztec society and the seeds had a wide range of uses beyond their use as a food grain. Following the Spanish conquest of Mexico, cultivation and use both declined but in recent years there has been a striking reawakening of interest in chia as a superfood with many benefits for the consumer. Contemporary as well as traditional uses are described with notes on its culinary uses and its health benefits. Propagation is by seed and its cultivation is discussed and attention drawn to new varieties more suitable for temperate climates.
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