A new measure, the Junior Self-Monitoring scale, was developed and related to individual differences in children's tendencies to engage in social comparison when making decisions. Snyder's work on self-monitoring in adults provided the theoretical framework for a developmental extension of this construct. As predicted, children scoring high in self-monitoring were more likely to attend to the decisions of other children, and to do so for a longer period of time, than were low seif-momtoring children. The scale may be useful for exploring the origins and developmental processes leading to adult individual differences in self-monitoring. Results were discussed in terms of the need for research on the ontogeny of individual differences in patterns of social behavior.The self is a topic of investigation that sits at the boundary of social, personality, and developmental psychology. Each of these disciplines typically takes a distinctive approach to research on the self, and each of them usually focuses on different issues. One theoretical approach to the self that has received a great deal of attention from both social and personality researchers, however, involves the construct of "self-monitoring" (Snyder, 1974(Snyder, , 1979. According to Snyder (1979), individuals differ in the extent to which they monitor, through self-observation and self-control, their expressive behavior and self-presentation. These individual differences may be conceptualized in terms of strategic processes. The prototypical high self-monitoring individual (HSM) is concerned about the situational and interpersonal appropriateness of his or her social behavior and is particularly sensitive to the self-presentation of relevant others in social situations. The cues provided by these relevant others serve as guidelines for monitoring (i.e., regulating and controlling) the HSM's own verbal and nonverbal self-presentation. The strategic question for the HSM is "What does the situation want me to be and how can I be that person?" By contrast, the prototypical low self-monitoring individual
Social desirability (SD) represents the problem of subjects responding with social norms rather than individual values. This paper briefly surveys the SD literature and considers its relevance for contingent valuation (CV) studies. In an empirical study, undergraduate students were administered the Mariowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, as well as CV questions. High SD scores were hypothesized to imply a greater likelihood of offering a protest reason for a zero bid and to increase bids for socially desirable commodities. While all hypotheses were not supported, the empirical results suggest that SD can influence CV responses and should not be dismissed prematurely.
A survey of individuals during a Giardia contamination incident provided data to calculate the cost of boiling, hauling, or purchasing water to avoid infection. Three different approaches to the valuation of time were used to assess the implications of the opportunity cost of time for the measurement of averting costs. Mean monthly household averting costs were $33.47 using family income to value time, $13.07 using the minimum wage to value time, and $5.60 using zero opportunity cost of time. Comparisons of the mean costs for different sources and household characteristics indicated the value of time from family income was too high and that the other methods of valuing time were superior.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.