Electrodeposition of lithium-ion battery cathodes enables ultraflexible, ultrathick, and high-power rechargeable batteries.

Exposure of L1210 leukemia cells first to 0.1 to 100 micromolar methotrexate and then to 10 micromolar 5-fluorouracil produces a synergistic effect on the number of cells killed in culture. Methotrexate dose-related increases occur in the concentrations of intracellular 5-fluorouracil ribonucleotides and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate and in the incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into RNA. These increases are correlated with increased concentrations of intracellular phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. It is proposed that the enhanced formation of ribonucleotides of 5-fluorouracil and the subsequent incorporation of these compounds into RNA in methotrexate-treated cells may account for synergism between these agents.

Detection of nitroxyl (HNO), the transient one-electron reduced form of nitric oxide, is a significant challenge owing to its high reactivity with biological thiols (with rate constants as high as 10 M s). To address this, we report a new thiol-based HNO-responsive trigger that can compete against reactive thiols for HNO. This process forms a common N-hydroxysulfenamide intermediate that cyclizes to release a masked fluorophore leading to fluorescence enhancement. To ensure that the cyclization step is rapid, our design capitalizes on two established physical organic phenomena; the alpha-effect and the Thorpe-Ingold effect. Using this new trigger, we developed NitroxylFluor, a selective HNO-responsive fluorescent probe. Treatment of NitroxylFluor with an HNO donor results in a 16-fold turn-on. This probe also exhibits excellent selectivity over various reactive nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur species and efficacy in the presence of thiols (e.g., glutathione in mM concentrations). Lastly, we successfully performed live cell imaging of HNO using NitroxylFluor.

No abstract

Luminaires and other lighting devices using organic light-emitting diode (OLED) sources have many advantages over their competitors for indoor lighting, including thin form factors that produce highly diffuse, potentially low-glare, lighting with excellent color rendering properties. However, several significant issues with OLED products have limited their commercial acceptance to date, including source efficacy, source lifetime, driver performance, and initial costs. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has released four reports on OLED technologies to provide the lighting industry with information on the state of the technology. These reports include the evaluation of two different field deployment sites, a market analysis, and an independent assessment of the performance of several commercially available OLED products. This report builds on previous DOE efforts with OLED technology by updating information on a previously benchmarked OLED product (the Chalina luminaire from Acuity Brands) and provides new benchmarks on the performance of Brite 2 and Brite Amber OLED panels from OLEDWorks. During the tests described here, samples of these devices were subjected to continuous operation in stress tests at elevated ambient temperature environments of 35°C or 45°C. In addition, samples were also operated continuously at room temperature in a room temperature operational life test (RTOL). One goal of this study was to investigate whether these test conditions can accelerate failure of OLED panels, either through panel shorting or an open circuit in the panel. These stress tests are shown to provide meaningful acceleration of OLED failure modes, and an acceleration factor of 2.6 was calculated at 45°C for some test conditions. In addition, changes in the photometric properties of the emitted light (e.g., luminous flux and chromaticity maintenance) was also evaluated for insights into the long-term stability of these products compared to earlier generations. Because OLEDs are a lighting system, electrical testing was also performed on the panel-driver pairs to provide insights into the impact of the driver on long-term panel performance. The Chalina luminaire from Acuity Brands uses OLED panels made by LG Display. These panels utilize a 3tandem stack structure with one layer containing a blue fluorescent emitter and two layers containing combined green and red phosphorescent emitters. In this study, three different generations (denoted as Gen 1, Gen 2, and Gen 3) of OLED panels were found to be used in the tested Chalina luminaires. Gen 2 and Gen 3 OLED panels are characterized by a copper foil adhered to the back of the panel, whereas Gen 1 OLED panels have a mirror-like finish on the back. Chalina luminaires with Gen 1 panels were previously discussed in CALiPER 24.