A variety of changes are facing leaders in academic pharmacy. Servant and transformational leadership have attributes that provide guidance and inspiration through these changes. Servant leadership focuses on supporting and developing the individuals within an institution, while transformational leadership focuses on inspiring followers to work towards a common goal. This article discusses these leadership styles and how they may both be ideal for leaders in academic pharmacy.

BACKGROUND Hospitalized patients with elevated blood pressure (BP) in most cases should be treated with intensification of oral regimens, but are often given intravenous (IV) antihypertensives. OBJECTIVE To determine frequency of prescribing and administering episodic IV antihypertensives and outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Urban academic hospital. PATIENTS Non–critically ill, hospitalized patients with an IV antihypertensive order for enalaprilat, labetalol, hydralazine, or metoprolol. MEASUREMENTS We analyzed BP thresholds for ordering and administering IV antihypertensives, the types and frequencies of IV antihypertensives administered, and the effect of IV antihypertensive use on short‐term BP and adverse outcomes. The BP change during hospitalization was contrasted in those receiving IV antihypertensives between those who did and did not receive subsequent intensification of chronic oral antihypertensive regimens. RESULTS Two hundred forty‐six patients had an episodic IV antihypertensive order. One hundred seventy‐two patients received 458 doses, with 48% receiving a single dose. Over 98% of episodic IV antihypertensive doses were administered for systolic blood pressure (SBP) <200 mm Hg and 84.5% for SBP <180 mm Hg. Within 6 hours of administration, there was a statistically significant decline in average SBP and diastolic BP in patients receiving IV hydralazine and labetolol. After administration of IV antihypertensives, the oral inpatient medication regimen was adjusted in 52% of patients; these patients had a greater reduction in SBP from admission to discharge than patients with no change to their oral regimens. A total of 32.6% of patients receiving treatment experienced a BP reduction of more than 25% within 6 hours. CONCLUSIONS IV antihypertensive drugs are ordered and administered in patients with asymptomatic, uncontrolled BP for levels unassociated with substantive immediate cardiovascular risk, which may cause adverse effects. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:193–198. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the understandability, actionability, and readability of online diabetes education materials. Summary This was a descriptive study that identified printable diabetes education materials through an online search. Materials were included from the following sources: national organizations with materials approved by expert panels, corporations with materials subject to FDA approval, and not-for-profit organizations with inter-professional advisory boards to approve materials. Topics included were basic knowledge of diabetes, hypoglycemia, insulin, and blood sugar goals. Materials were excluded if they were non-printable, contained active links, had a publication date prior to January 2011, were greater than 2 pages in length, or were pediatric focused. Understandability and actionability of the patient education materials were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Descriptive statistics and inter-rater reliability analysis using the kappa statistic were utilized. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) formula. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the relationship between reading grade level and PEMAT scores. In total, 25 websites were identified, 5 of which met the inclusion criteria; 13 patient education materials were included, PEMAT scoring revealed that 4 of these met the criteria for understandability and only 1 met the criteria for actionability. There was no correlation found between PEMAT scores and reading grade levels (Pearson correlation coefficient = −0.30, p = 0.325). Conclusion The majority of diabetes patient education materials reviewed scored poorly using the PEMAT. Future development of diabetes patient education materials should be designed with the goal of increasing understandability and actionability.