Although both interventions increased steps per day, WRT was more effective in improving several body composition measures and glucose control in 12 wk. WRT may be an important addition to a lifestyle intervention aiming to facilitate reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight and obese African-American women.
Stretching before anaerobic events has resulted in declines in performance; however, the immediate effects of stretching on endurance performance have not been investigated. This study investigated the effects of static stretching on energy cost and endurance performance in trained male runners. Ten trained male distance runners aged 25 +/- 7 years with an average VO2max of 63.8 +/- 2.8 ml/kg/min were recruited. Participants reported to the laboratory on 3 separate days. On day 1, anthropometrics and VO2max were measured. On days 2 and 3, participants performed a 60-minute treadmill run randomly under stretching or nonstretching conditions separated by at least 1 week. Stretching consisted of 16 minutes of static stretching using 5 exercises for the major lower body muscle groups, whereas nonstretching consisted of 16 minutes of quiet sitting. The run consisted of a 30-minute 65% VO2max preload followed by a 30-minute performance run where participants ran as far as possible without viewing distance or speed. Total calories expended were determined for the 30-minute preload run, whereas performance was measured as distance covered in the performance run. Performance was significantly greater in the nonstretching (6.0 +/- 1.1 km) vs. the stretching (5.8 +/- 1.0 km) condition (p < 0.05), with significantly greater energy expenditure during the stretching compared with the nonstretching condition (425 +/- 50 vs. 405 +/- 50 kcals). Our findings suggest that stretching before an endurance event may lower endurance performance and increase the energy cost of running.
INTRODUCTION
Resting energy expenditure (REE) increases following intense
exercise; however, little is known concerning mechanisms.
PURPOSE
Determine effects of a single bout of moderate-intensity continuous
aerobic exercise (MIC), or high intensity interval exercise (HII) on REE
under energy balance conditions.
METHODS
Thirty-three untrained premenopausal women were evaluated at
baseline, after 8–16 weeks of training, 22 hours following either
MIC (50% peak VO2) or HII (84% peak
VO2). Participants were in a room calorimeter during and
following the exercise challenge. Food intake was adjusted to obtain energy
balance across 23 hours. REE was measured after 22 hours following all
conditions. Twenty-three hour urine norepinephrine concentration and serum
creatine kinase activity (CrKact) were obtained. Muscle biopsies were
obtained in a subset of 15 participants to examine muscle mitochondrial
state 2, 3, and 4 fat oxidation.
RESULTS
REE was increased 22 hours following MIC (64±119 kcal) and
HII (103±137 kcal). Markers of muscle damage (CrKact) increased
following HII (9.6±25.5 units/liter) and MIC (22.2±22.8
units/liter) while sympathetic tone (urine norepinephrine) increased
following HII (1.1±10.6 ng/mg). Uncoupled phosphorylation (states 2
and 4) fat oxidation were related to REE (respectively r=0.65 and r=0.55);
however, neither state 2 or 4 fat oxidation increased following MIC or HII.
REE was not increased following 8 weeks of aerobic training when exercise
was restrained for 60 hours.
CONCLUSIONS
Under energy balance conditions REE increased 22 hours following both
moderate intensity and high intensity exercise. Exercise-induced muscle
damage/repair and increased sympathetic tone may contribute to increased REE
whereas uncoupled phosphorylation does not. These results suggest that
moderate to high intensity exercise may be valuable for increasing energy
expenditure for at least 22 hours following the exercise.
In women with FM, resistance training improves strength, FM impact, and strength domains of functionality. The addition of chiropractic treatment improved adherence and dropout rates to the resistance training and facilitated greater improvements in the domains of functionality.
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