Abstract. Due to conventional aggregates resources depletion, material recycling has become an economic and ecologic alternative. In this paper, locally available natural residues such as olive pomace were investigated, when partially incorporated in the concrete formulation, since the mechanical characteristics of lightweight aggregate concrete strongly depend on its properties and proportions. Lightweight aggregates are more deformable than the cement matrix because of their high porosity, and their influence on the concrete strength remains complex. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the aggregates properties on lightweight concrete mechanical behaviour through an experimental approach. In addition, the different substitution sequences and the W/C ratio on lightweight concrete behaviour were evaluated, in order to determine the W/C ratio influence on the improvement of the lightweight concrete mechanical properties while knowing that the mixing water quantity gives the cement paste manoeuvrability and mechanical strength effects. The last part of this paper, therefore, was to provide statistical survey for estimating strength and weight reduction through the different natural aggregate substitutions to improve the lightweight concrete properties. The results achieved in a significant olive-pomace lower adhesion with the matrix after the cement setting, making the lightweight concrete mechanical strength weak. However, this work can open several perspectives: Results modeling and correlation with an experimental approach, the evolution and determination of lightweight concrete characteristics when exposed to high temperatures and thermohydric properties.
It is widely recognized that today people around the world still admire the Egyptian civilization and wonder how Egyptians came to manufacture mortar. The present work aims to study the construction materials that were used in ancient Egypt and their development over time. To do this, it was decided to first evaluate the physical and mechanical performances of the building materials used at that time and then try to investigate and understand the handling process as well as the construction methods adopted currently. For this, cement (NA442 CEM II/B-L 42.5 N) and local sand were replaced at different proportions with lime in the formulation of mortar, the sand used whose mixture was relative to that of the sand (0/4) and (0/1) values of 65% and 35%, respectively. A number of tests were carried out on two types of mortar prepared with two different formulations. The first formulation, which included quicklime, was subjected to a simple treatment in order to obtain aerial lime and to understand the different formulation stages that were followed in the Ancient Egyptian times. Knowing that the objective was to revive the method of manufacturing works from the ancient era, thus using a variable rate of substitution (0%, 50% to 70%) of lime, limestone and gypsum to obtain the binder by also studying the stakes of this variation on the reduction of the quantity of cement in the mortar which consisted in the preparation of fourteen test series in order to converge on the impact of the experiments sought. The second one consisted, at a later time, in preparing some series of mortar incorporating aerial lime brought from the manufacturing plant. After analyzing the prepared material, it was deemed interesting to attempt to quantitatively reconstruct the composition of the material using the Vicat test for the purpose of assessing the cement slurry setting process for stylolithic joints which, to the best of our knowledge, are very well developed only in limestones. Also noting that, the composition of the mortar and the rate of substitution evolved according to the results obtained upstream while keeping the objective of this research which was to reproduce a composition compatible with the old days.
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