ABSTRACT. Fort Conger, located in Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, is a historic landmark of national and international significance. The site is associated with many important Arctic expeditions, including the ill-fated Lady Franklin Bay Expedition of the First International Polar Year and Robert Peary's attempts to claim the North Pole. Although situated in one of the most remote locations on earth, Fort Conger is currently at risk because of the effects of climate change, weather, wildlife, and human activity. In this paper, we show how 3D laser scanning was used to record cultural features rapidly and accurately despite the harsh conditions present at the site. We discuss how the future impacts of natural processes and human activities can be managed using 3D scanning data as a baseline, how conservation and restoration work can be planned from the resulting models, and how 3D models created from laser scanning data can be used to excite public interest in cultural stewardship and Arctic history.Key words: laser scanning, heritage preservation, Arctic exploration, inorganic contamination, virtual reality, computer modeling RÉSUMÉ. Fort Conger, situé dans le parc national Quttinirpaaq, sur l'île d'Ellesmere, est un lieu historique d'importance nationale et internationale. Ce site est lié à de nombreuses expéditions arctiques importantes, dont l'infortunée expédition de la baie Lady Franklin relevant de la première année polaire internationale et les tentatives de revendication du pôle Nord par Robert Peary. Bien qu'il se trouve dans l'un des endroits les plus éloignés du globe, Fort Conger subit actuellement les risques découlant des effets du changement climatique, des conditions météorologiques, de la faune et de l'activité humaine. Dans cette communication, nous montrons comment un scanneur laser 3D a permis de répertorier les caractéristiques culturelles avec rapidité et précision malgré les conditions difficiles qui ont cours à ce site. Nous discutons de la manière dont les incidences futures des processus naturels et de l'activité humaine peuvent être gérées à l'aide des données 3D comme données de base, comment les travaux de conservation et de restauration peuvent être planifiés à partir des modèles qui en résultent et comment les modèles 3D créés à partir des données de scannage laser peuvent rehausser l'intérêt du grand public à l'égard de la gérance culturelle et de l'histoire de l'Arctique.Mots clés : scannage laser, préservation du patrimoine, exploration de l'Arctique, contamination inorganique, réalité virtuelle, modélisation informatisée Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nicole Giguère.
For much of the twentieth century, military commemoration operated in a context of pan-Canadian remembrance. This emphasis overlooked the groups outside the mainstream that pursued their own goals through military service and commemoration, which sometimes differed from and challenged the hegemony of national collective memory. A case in point is the Japanese Canadian War Memorial in Vancouver and its intersections with the military service of Masumi Mitsui and other Japanese-Canadian soldiers of the First World War. After the war, the Japanese-Canadian veterans fought for the right to vote in provincial elections, which they eventually secured in 1931, thereby becoming the first Asian Canadians to attain the franchise in British Columbia. The veterans’ wartime service could not prevent anti-Japanese-Canadian sentiment before and during the Second World War, leading to the seizure of their properties and their forced removal from the coast. The article foregrounds Mitsui’s return to Vancouver in 1985 as the honoured guest in a ceremony to relight the lantern at the Japanese Canadian War Memorial. Drawing on insights of the philosopher of history Walter Benjamin, this history is approached in light of Benjamin’s account of storytelling traditions and the ‘now-time’ of historical agency. Durant une grande partie du vingtième siècle, les cérémonies commémoratives militaires partout au Canada s’inscrivent dans un contexte de remémoration pancanadienne. Or, ces cérémonies excluaient les groupes qui n’appartenaient pas à la culture dominante. Ces derniers poursuivaient des objectifs qui leur étaient propres tant durant leur service militaire qu’au moment des manifestations commémoratives. D’ailleurs, leurs objectifs pouvaient parfois se distinguer et voir même remettre en question l’hégémonie la mémoire collective pan-canadienne. Un bel exemple de cela est le Monument aux morts des canadiens d’origine japonaise de Vancouver et ce qu’il a signifié pour Masumi Mitsui et d’autres soldats japonais-canadiens de la Première Guerre mondiale. Après la guerre, les anciens combattants canadiens d’origine japonaise ont livré bataille pour obtenir le droit de vote aux é lections provinciales – un droit qu’ils ont éventuellement obtenu en 1931. Ils sont ainsi devenus les premiers Canadiens d’origine asiatique à obtenir le droit de vote en Colombie-Britannique. Le service militaire en temps de guerre des anciens combattants n’a pas pu empêcher le développement d’un sentiment anti-japonais-canadien avant et pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et qui a donné lieu à la saisie de leurs biens et à leur déportation de la côte. L’article met au premier plan le retour de Mitsui à Vancouver en 1985 à titre d’invité d’honneur à une cérémonie où on allait rallumer la lanterne du Monument aux morts. Inspirés des réflexions de l’historien philosophe Walter Benjamin, cette étude établit le rapport entre les traditions des conteurs et ce qu’il appelle le ‘now time of historical agency’.
The essay documents and interprets episodes of male same-sex sexuality at different localities and moments in time across Western Canada during its settlement era, circa 1870-1945. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certeau, it seeks to explain same-sex experience in relation to the production, strategic, and tactical use of space. Utilizing court, jail, and police records, among other sources, it documents the recurrence of homoerotic desire across the West in this period, the places where men connected with other men, and their resourcefulness in accessing and reclaiming space to express their sexual imperatives. The data and analysis suggest a comparative laxity in moral regulation of male homoerotic relationships in the early frontier era, followed by entrenched police surveillance and repression by 1930-45. A provisional conclusion is that the frontier era afforded men some latitude within which to produce same-sex space, notwithstanding developing homophobic regimes and the risk of discovery, ostracism, and incarceration.
Fort Conger, located at Discovery Harbour in Lady Franklin Bay on northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, played an intrinsic role in several High Arctic expeditions between 1875 and 1935, particularly around 1900 -10 during the height of the Race to the North Pole. Here are found the remains of historic voyages of exploration and discovery related to the 19 th century expeditions of G.S. Nares and A.W. Greely, early 20th century expeditions of R.E. Peary, and forays by explorers, travelers, and government and military personnel. In the Peary era, Fort Conger's connection with indigenous people was amplified, as most of the expedition personnel who were based there were Inughuit from Greenland, and the survival strategies of the explorers were largely derived from Inughuit material cultural and environmental expertise. The complex of shelters at Fort Conger symbolizes an evolution from the rigid application of Western knowledge, as represented in the unsuitable prefabricated Greely expedition house designed in the United States, towards the pragmatic adaptation of Aboriginal knowledge represented in the Inughuit-influenced shelters that still stand today. Fort Conger currently faces various threats to its longevity: degradation of wooden structures through climate and weathering, bank erosion, visitation, and inorganic contamination. Its early history and links with Greenlandic Inughuit have suggested that the science of heritage preservation, along with management practices of monitoring, remediation of contamination, and 3D laser scanning, should be applied to maintain the site for future generations.
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