Infectious and inflammatory conditions, injuries and malignant neoplasms may raise body temperature, and ischemia may reduce it. Temperature is an important physical and biological quantity and a key human health indicator. It serves as a main indicator in screening of most medical pathologies of both surgical and therapeutic and gynecological profiles. Medical thermovision is a modern diagnostic remote non-invasive informative technique without radiation exposure and contraindications, which is based on the registration of natural thermal radiation emitted by human bodies in the invisible infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. As physiological changes precede structural changes observed during classical medical imaging, infrared thermography allows for identification of pathological conditions and neoplasms long before these conditions are confirmed by other diagnostic techniques. Separately, it is necessary to point out that the technique is also an effective way to detect viral diseases. Using medical thermography, the course of the disease may be monitored over time: from screening and diagnosis to follow up of treatment and rehabilitation. The technique is widely used in many fields of medicine and is available for multiple uses. In the article, the current domestic and foreign literature on the use and possibilities of the medical thermography technique in different fields of medicine are analysed. Possibilities and prospects for medical thermovision in the realities of modern medical practice are assessed.
The health of the nation is the main marker of the successful development of the state. Maintaining and improving the health of citizens are the main tasks of social policy in every country. Morbidity and disability are among the main indicators of the state of public health. They reflect the demographic situation and the level of socio-economic development of the country. Every year the number of persons with disabilities increases, which makes the problem of disability of the able-bodied population extremely relevant. Monitoring of disability, as one of the medical and demographic indicators, is the basis for ensuring the protection of the health of citizens. Research on the epidemiology of disability is the key to preventing an increase in the number of disabled citizens. In addition, it plays an important role in the distribution of the state budget to improve the quality of life of people with an assigned disability group and to carry out preventive measures aimed at reducing the impact of risk factors for disability. Purpose. Assessing the degree, structure and dynamics of disability among residents of the city of Tver using the example of surgical patients observed in the “City Clinical Hospital No. 7”, and detection the main number of diseases that caused the setting of a disability group. Methods. An analysis was carried out regarding the data on the official reports of the surgical department polyclinic No. 1 of the state budgetary healthcare institution “City Clinical Hospital No. 7” in Tver for the period from 2010 to 2020. The dynamics of the frequency of registration of persons with disabilities was studied among surgical patients, the main groups of diseases that caused disability were identified, the structure of disability by groups was analyzed. The degree of reliability of the obtained data was assessed. Results. The growth of citizens with disabilities in the outpatient surgical department increased 3,3 times from 2010 to 2020. The dynamics was wave-like. There was a sharp rise in the number of people who received a disability group for the first time from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2013. The indicators did not change much from 2014 to 2020. However, the dynamics of the percentage of the working population among persons with disabilities developed in inverse proportion. Those who received a disability group for the first time mainly had pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and vascular diseases. Conclusion. Based on the data of the surgical department of the polyclinic in the city of Tver, the number of persons with disabilities tends to increase. It requires constant monitoring. The number of persons with disabilities tends to increase. It was illustrated through an example of a study in Tver. All that leads to a decrease in the able-bodied population and an increase in social inequality. It is an urgent problem in the region.
Background: Antibiotic-resistance is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics caused the development of drug-resistant pathogens. It is the reason for more difficult treatment for patients. Objective: To monitor E.coli sensitivity to antibiotics and to evaluate its antibiotic resistance in a multidisciplinary hospital setting. Methods: The study is presented by a statistical analysis of the results of microbiological examination of materials obtained from patients infected with E.Coli, treated in different departments of Tver Clinical Emergency Hospital (Russia) in 2018-2020. A total of 142 results of microbiological examination of urogenital tract, abdominal cavity and wound surfaces were processed. Results: The number of antibiotics to which the Gram-negative Escherichia Coli is resistant also increases with the age of the patients. Among the investigated antibacterial drugs in terms of the total number of microorganisms with resistance to them, the lowest clinical efficacy was observed in the drugs of the cephalosporin series. Among the most frequent diseases caused by the studied strains of E.coli are intestinal infections and urinary tract infections. In addition, infections caused by persistence of E. coli as a background disease can significantly complicate the underlying disease. Conclusion: The results present a rapid spread of resistance genes in the studied E.coli strains. It is the imperative for the improvement of antibiotic resistance monitoring using various laboratory methods. Based on the results of microbiological research it is necessary to create a database that will allow to select the optimal strategy for the drug treatment of patients according to its resistance profile.
RELEVANCE: The human resources policy is one of the leading social and economic sectors of society. There is a vast shortage in health professionals on a global scale. This problem is aggravated every year. That’s why it is so relevant now. Public health facilities are affected most of all. They have to compete with private clinics, which provide more favorable working conditions for specialists. The health system needs qualified personnel. The global shortage of doctors due also to “optimisation” processes that have been recognized as ineffective. The human resources policy of health care is aimed primarily to increase the number of medical personnel. The state population's health depends on it. In this regard, the problem of staffing in health care is an important area of analysis. PURPOSE: To analyze employment data in public health facilities in the city of Tver and to evaluate the trends in staff turnover rates. MATERIALS. The data from official reports of polyclinics No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 of City Clinical Hospital No. 7 in Tver (Russia) was analyzed. The assessment was carried out for the period from 2011 to 2020 by comparing three time periods: 2011-2014, 2015-2017, 2018-2020. In the course of its work, mathematical calculations on the validity of the investigated data were made. RESULTS. The analysis of data from polyclinic No. 1 shows a decrease in the percentage of employment among doctors by 38% (p=0.197) and among nurses by 17.5% (p=0.559). The employment of paramedical staff did not change and remained below 50% throughout the decade. There is a clear shortage of outpatient personnel. The indicators of polyclinic No. 2 indicate a stable positive dynamics of staff employment in the field. However, nursing and paramedical personnel require an increase in involvement in the specialty, because there are a large number of free positions. The indicators of polyclinic No. 3 have not changed for 10 years. This polyclinic has a minimum number of rates for the work of medical personnel. It may be due to the peculiarities of the territorial location of this medical institution. CONCLUSION: A decrease in the percentage of staff employment was noted in the polyclinics of the City Clinical Hospital No. 7 for the period 2011-2020 for various reasons. In general, the decrease in indicators was observed among doctors. The grounds for termination of employment may be: the remoteness of the workplace, low wages, high professional loads, including the additional work. It is necessary to develop the right strategy to compensate for the vacant positions of specialists. One of the main reference points can be monitoring the employment of hospital staff. This issue remains relevant in the regions of the Russian Federation.
RELEVANCE: The problem of disability among the able-bodied population is very relevant, because the number of people with a newly established disability group is increasing. Every tenth person in the world has a disability according to the United Nation. The disability is considered to be one of the medical and demographic indicators. Its monitoring underlies ensuring the protection of the health of citizens. Research on the epidemiology of disability plays an important role in preventing an increase in the number of disabled citizens. PURPOSE: To study the dynamics and structure of disability among patients of a surgical department and assessing the degree of disability among residents of the city of Tver (Russia). MATERIALS: The analysis was carried out using the data on the official reports of polyclinic No. 1 of City Clinical Hospital No. 7 in Tver for the period from 2010 to 2020. The dynamics of the frequency of registration of persons with disabilities was studied, the structure of disability by groups was analyzed. The degree of reliability of the obtained data was assessed. RESULTS: The rates of citizens with disabilities increased 3.3 times from 2010 to 2020. The dynamics was wave-like. There was a sharp rise in the number of people who received a disability group for the first time from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2013. The indicators did not change much from 2014 to 2020. However, the dynamics of the percentage of the working population among persons with disabilities developed in inverse proportion. Those who received a disability group for the first time mainly had pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and vascular diseases. The largest number of patients received disability group III (moderate disability) each year. CONCLUSION:The tendency was illustrated through an example of the city of Tver (Russia). The data shows a decrease in the able-bodied population and an increase in social inequality. It is an urgent problem in the region.
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