The Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) framework is currently implemented in more than 25,000 schools across the globe. Its implementation has demonstrated positive impacts on a number of behavioral and academic outcomes. A growing evidence base has found that PBIS has been particularly effective at reducing both in- and out-of-school suspensions. This article describes concerns with the use of suspensions, defines PBIS, and outlines how schools can implement and use PBIS to reduce suspensions.
A new student, Aiden Rayburn, who is eligible for special education services with an emotional disorder, has joined Ms. Nelson's third-grade classroom. Ms. Nelson received information from his previous school that Aiden has a hard time sitting in his seat and frequently engages in behaviors like slamming his fists on the table when he is frustrated. Ms. Nelson wants to make sure that she is adequately prepared to meet his needs, so she begins to search for ideas on ways to help him stay on task and manage his outbursts. She sits down at her computer and accesses the Teachers Pay Teachers website, which many of her colleagues told her they use when they need ideas for teaching. Ms. Nelson types "behavior management strategies" in the search bar. She instantly receives hundreds of pins with ideas for classroom management, many of which look potentially relevant for Aiden. As she begins to click on different links, Ms. Nelson becomes overwhelmed. There are so many choices. "How do I tell which are the most effective?" she asks herself. Eventually, Ms. Nelson chooses a resource called "Smile/Frown Behavior Strips" because it comes with materials and clear guidelines for implementation. She introduces the strategy with Aiden, but is disappointed to discover that it does not seem to be working. Moreover, she believes that implementation is contributing to a straining of the relationship between Ms. Nelson, Aiden, and Aiden's parents. The more she employs the downloaded technique, the more challenging Aiden's behaviors become. General and special education teachers need to understand the unique needs of students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) and use effective instructional practices and strategies to meet those needs. The story of Ms. Nelson provides a cautionary tale of teachers using websites such as Pinterest and Teachers Pay Teachers (TpT) to get ideas and strategies for addressing challenging behaviors in their classrooms, including those of students with and at risk for EBD. Educators commonly use social media to virtually access instructional resources and recommendations. In 2015, for example, Cummings reported that approximately 1.3 million educational resources were pinned on Pinterest every day. Yet resources and recommendations on these websites are not vetted and may contain misleading information, facilitating teachers' selection and implementation of ineffective strategies that fail to improve student behavior and other outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the pros and cons of Pinterest and TpT and consider why they are popular with teachers, explore specific resources on Pinterest and TpT, and provide recommendations for educators on how to appropriately use Internet resources, including Pinterest and TpT, to inform instruction.
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The token economy is an evidence-based practice that improves outcomes across populations, settings, and behaviors. Nonetheless, their complex nature frequently leads to ineffective implementation. In addition, little is known about the extent to which token economies are effective for increasing engagement in adults with disabilities. Therefore, we conducted a multiple probe across participants to evaluate the effectiveness of a token economy using an app (i.e., Class Dojo) to increase engagement with daily living and vocational tasks in adults with disabilities. All participants increased their engagement with tasks following the introduction of the intervention and maintained higher than baseline levels of engagement up to 6 weeks after the intervention ended. Staff members completed an anonymous survey to indicate their perception of the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. Social validity results indicated that some staff members found the intervention effective, but time-consuming and challenging.
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