Hybrid halide perovskites have been demonstrated to be prospective materials in optoelectronic devices due to their outstanding photoelectric properties and facile manufacturability by low‐cost and fast solution‐processed methods. Particularly, to meet increasingly potential applications in near‐infrared (NIR) detection and imaging, perovskites have been introduced and explored their roles, some of which achieve the comparable performance with traditional silicon counterparts. Here, the recent advancements of hybrid halide perovskite‐based NIR photodetectors and imaging arrays in terms of perovskite formation, device structures, working mechanisms, and device performances are reviewed. Pb perovskite‐based devices either employ sub‐bandgap absorption and intraband transition, or incorporate with narrow‐bandgap semiconductors to achieve NIR detection, which could reach the spectral response onset at 2.6 µm wavelength. Sn perovskite‐based devices employ the strategies of template‐assisted engineering and reducing additives to inhibit the oxidation of Sn2+ states for efficient detection. SnPb mixed perovskite devices employ compositional engineering, passivation strategies, crystallization tuning, and encapsulation to achieve efficient and long shelf‐life photodetectors with an external quantum efficiency of 70% at 940 nm wavelength. Finally, potential prospects are proposed, including spectral response extension, pixel integration, flexible devices, and stability, to advance perovskite‐based NIR detection and imaging toward commercial applications.
Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
With increasing global investment in offshore wind energy and rapid deployment of wind power technologies in deep water hazardous environments, the in-service inspection of wind turbines and their related infrastructure plays an important role in the safe and efficient operation of wind farm fleets. The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and remotely piloted aircraft (RPA)—commonly known as “drones”—for remote inspection of wind energy infrastructure has received a great deal of attention in recent years. Drones have significant potential to reduce not only the number of times that personnel will need to travel to and climb up the wind turbines, but also the amount of heavy lifting equipment required to carry out the dangerous inspection works. Drones can also shorten the duration of downtime needed to detect defects and collect diagnostic information from the entire wind farm. Despite all these potential benefits, the drone-based inspection technology in the offshore wind industry is still at an early stage of development and its reliability has yet to be proven. Any unforeseen failure of the drone system during its mission may cause an interruption in inspection operations, and thereby, significant reduction in the electricity generated by wind turbines. In this paper, we propose a semiquantitative reliability analysis framework to identify and evaluate the criticality of mission failures—at both system and component levels—in inspection drones, with the goal of lowering the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs as well as improving personnel safety in offshore wind farms. Our framework is built based upon two well-established failure analysis methodologies, namely, fault tree analysis (FTA) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). It is then tested and verified on a drone prototype, which was developed in the laboratory for taking aerial photography and video of both onshore and offshore wind turbines. The most significant failure modes and underlying root causes within the drone system are identified, and the effects of the failures on the system’s operation are analysed. Finally, some innovative solutions are proposed on how to minimize the risks associated with mission failures in inspection drones.
Perovskite‐based photodetectors exhibit potential applications in communication, neuromorphic chips, and biomedical imaging due to their outstanding photoelectric properties and facile manufacturability. However, few of perovskite‐based photodetectors focus on ultraviolet‐visible‐short‐wavelength infrared (UV–Vis–SWIR) broadband photodetection because of the relatively large bandgap. Moreover, such broadband photodetectors with individual nanocrystal channel featuring monolithic integration with functional electronic/optical components have hardly been explored. Herein, an individual monocrystalline MAPbBr3 nanoplate‐based photodetector is demonstrated that simultaneously achieves efficient UV–Vis–SWIR detection and fast‐response. Nanoplate photodetectors (NPDs) are prepared by assembling single nanoplate on adjacent gold electrodes. NPDs exhibit high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and detectivity of 1200% and 5.37 × 1012 Jones, as well as fast response with rise time of 80 µs. Notably, NPDs simultaneously achieve high EQE and fast response, exceeding most perovskite devices with multi‐nanocrystal channel. Benefiting from the high specific surface area of nanoplate with surface‐trap‐assisted absorption, NPDs achieve high performance in the near‐infrared and SWIR spectral region of 850–1450 nm. Unencapsulated devices show outstanding UV‐laser‐irradiation endurance and decent periodicity and repeatability after 29‐day‐storage in atmospheric environment. Finally, imaging applications are demonstrated. This work verifies the potential of perovskite‐based broadband photodetection, and stimulates the monolithic integration of various perovskite‐based devices.
Microlens arrays (MLAs), as one of the key features in the optoelectronics field, have attracted a lot of attention recently. We fabricate concave MLAs with different morphology parameters of diameter, cross-sectional profile and packing distance.
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