A metal ion plasma thruster (MIPT) structure using a trumpet-shaped insulated anode with double micropores (TsIADM), which consists of a frustum-cone-shaped cathode, insulating sleeve, trumpet-shaped anode and anodic insulating layer with double micropores, is proposed. The differences in discharge characteristics and propulsion performance of the TsIADM-MIPT and two other structures, a trumpet-shaped semi-insulated anode MIPT and a conventional trumpet-shaped exposed anode (TsEA) MIPT, are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the influence that the position of the double micropores has on the MIPT performance is discussed. The results show that the thrust and thrust-to-power ratio are all largest when the double micropores are set at the top end of the inner insulating layer of the trumpet-shaped anode (TsIADM(T)-MIPT). When compared with the TsEA-MIPT, the TsIADM(T)-MIPT demonstrates thrust and thrust-to-power ratios that are improved by 11.6 and 9.5 times respectively. The discharge parameters show that the number of charged particles flowing into the anode in a single shot decreases obviously when adopting the TsIADM(T). The discharge phenomena indicate that compared with the TsEA-MIPT, the luminescence intensity and ejection performance of the plasma plume using the TsIADM(T)-MIPT increases significantly.When the capacitor energy of the system is 5 J, Langmuir probe data show that the plasma density and plasma propagation speed are increased by 16.5 and 4.6 times respectively. These results are believed to be fundamental to the physical mechanisms behind the increased thrust and thruster-to-power ratio of the TsIADM(T)-MIPT.
On the basis of a thin‐wire contact electrode structure, a nonuniform electric field is designed to realize diffuse discharge in atmospheric air. A new method of high‐efficiency treatment of carbon fiber fabrics by glow discharge plasmas at low discharge voltage is proposed. Through this method, carbon fiber fabrics are directly used as electrodes, the plasmas are directly formed on the surface, and a strong electric field region can be formed on the surface of carbon fiber fabrics. The high‐active plasmas generated in this study can not only introduce nitrogen functional groups that are difficult to be introduced by traditional air plasma treatment methods and a large number of oxygen functional groups on the surface of carbon fiber fabrics but also improve the surface roughness and wettability of the material. In addition, the important effects of surface electric field intensity and plasma treatment time on the modification effect were investigated. It lays a good technical foundation for the industrial application of carbon fiber surface modification with high efficiency and continuity in atmospheric air.
An insulated-anode electrode structure with a micropore (IAESM) is proposed in this paper. The aim of this study is to examine the effect that the micropore structure has on the discharge characteristics and plasma generation characteristics of the electrode in pulsed vacuum discharge. In this study, currents flowing through the cathode and the anode of the discharge electrode are simultaneously measured by two identical Rogowski coils, and plasma density and the plasma propagation speed are measured by using an improved Langmuir probe method. First, the differences in discharge characteristics and plasma generation characteristics among the IAESM and two known electrode structures, the non-insulated-anode electrode structure (NIAES) and the insulated-anode electrode structure (IAES), were compared and analyzed. Then, based on the IAESM, the effect of the micropore size on discharge characteristics and plasma generation characteristics is discussed. The results show that the IAESM discharge current flowed through the cathode with the same amplitude as in the NIAES, and the peak plasma density and the plasma propagation speed were significantly larger. The data obtained from Langmuir probes indicate that when the cross-sectional area of the micropore was reduced from 0.60 mm2 to 0.04 mm2, the peak plasma density and the plasma propagation speed are increased by 2.30 times and 2.56 times, respectively.
In order to increase the production of plasma jets in a pulse vacuum discharge, based on the insulated anode electrode structure (IAES), discharge experiments by using multiple electrodes under one power supply are performed in this paper. During experiments, discharge currents flowing through multiple cathode sides (cathode currents) were measured by identical Rogowski coils at the same time. The plasma density and propagation velocity of plasma jets were measured by the self-designed ‘+’ type probes. Firstly, the differences in discharge characteristics and generation characteristics of plasma jets between the single-electrode and the double-electrode discharge were compared and analyzed. Secondly, the effects that the electrode spacing (D) and the capacitor capacity had on the discharge characteristics and generation characteristics of plasma jets of the multi-electrode were analyzed. Results show that because the discharge voltage of the IAES is dropped to the arc voltage after a long duration, the simultaneous discharge of multiple electrodes in a single pulse can be realized. Compared with the single-electrode discharge, using multiple electrodes to discharge simultaneously in a single pulse can decrease the initial discharge voltage, increase the peak of cathode current and increase the amount of plasma production. In addition, there is interaction between plasma jets of the multi-electrode, and the spatial electric field generated by the first ejected plasma jet will hinder the generation of plasma jets of subsequent electrodes. Only by keeping a certain electrode spacing (D) between the electrodes, can multiple electrodes be all discharged and plasma jets of the same length be produced. Increasing capacitor capacity can increase the plasma density, propagation velocity, length of plasma jets of the multi-electrode, and realize the simultaneous discharge of more electrodes in a single pulse.
A method to generate large-area surface plasma in air by micro-discharge is proposed. Two ultrathin laminated electrode structures of non-insulating and insulating types were formed by using the nanoscale ITO conductive layer. The surface glow discharge in atmospheric air is realized in low discharge voltage by constructing the special electric field of two-dimensional unidirectional attenuation. In particular, the insulating electrode structure can avoid the loss of ITO electrodes so that the discharge stability can be increased, and the treated objects can be prevented from metal ion pollution caused by the electrode in the discharge. It has broad application prospects in the fields of aerodynamics and material surface treatment.
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