The rehabilitation of contaminated sites and the establishment of suitable trees for revegetation purposes is often problematic due to the mostly suboptimal nutrient supply and the poor humus reservoir. For these reasons hydrogels (Stockosorb) and novel humus substitutes (NOVIHUM), serving as long lasting fertilizer (LLF), were recently tested successfully. At the beginning of this multiyear study, those LLFs were administered to the root zone of young sessile oaks (Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.), growing in test trials on a uranium mine dump in Schlema (Germany). To quantify the effect of LLFs on plant vitality, chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and JIP test analyses were used. The results revealed up to 49% higher average photosynthetic vitality (PI(ABS)) of the LLF treated plants compared to controls. Particularly in the first test year, the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport was strongly increased. This stimulation of photosynthetic activity was supported by direct measurements showing up to 129% increased diameter growth of the treated plants after a four year experimental period. Furthermore an increase of the maximum water holding capacity of the dump soil was attained by using LLFs. Overall, the findings reported here represent a feasible, ecologically justifiable reforestation method with a low environmental hazard potential.
Tree species with rapid early growth that can be propagated easily and that show good coppicing ability are the most suitable species for the establishment of short-term rotation plantations. Depending on the site conditions, central European species of the genera Populus L. and Salix L. are recommended. In conditions with a limited water supply, Robinia pseudoacacia L. is more suitable.
The success of short-term rotation plantations depends on optimal site preparation and early spring planting of the cuttings/plants as important preconditions. Primarily, during the first year of the rotation cycle effective weed control, protection from browsing, and other management measures are needed. Due to the productive and fast growing poplar and willow species' requirements for high quality site conditions in respect to radiation, nutrients and soil water availability, former farmland with adequate to good nutrition availability and sufficient water supply is particularly suitable. During the vegetation period, precipitation should reach at least 300 mm; however, less precipitation can be compensated by capillary rise from groundwater into the rooting zone.
Results from test plantations show that growth increments may reach 6 to 10 t/ha/yr (dry biomass) for willow and 6 t/ha/yr for locust on favorable sites. For poplar grown under dense stand conditions, annual growth increments may significantly exceed 10 t/ha/yr.
Die bodenmeliorativen und ertragssteigernden Effekte des Einsatzes von N-modifizierter Weichbraunkohle als Humusdu¨ngestoff bei der landwirtschaftlichen Rekultivierung humusfreier Kippenbo¨den werden in mehreren Freilandversuchen u¨berpru¨ft. In diesem Beitrag wird u¨ber die zu Rekultivierungsbeginn mit W.-Roggen, W.-Weizen, Kartoffeln und Luzerne erzielten Ergebnisse berichtet. Stichwo¨rter: N-modifizierte Braunkohle; Humusdu¨nger; Pflanzenertrag
FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH N-MODIFIED BROWN COAL AS HUMUS FERTILIZER IN AGRICULTURAL REVITALISATION OF HUMUS FREE DUMP SOILSSoil ameliorative and yield improving effects of N-modified brown coal applications as humus fertilizer in agricultural revitalisation of dump soils which are free of humus are investigated in some field trials. This paper reports about results of winter rye, winter wheat, potatoes and alfalfa at the beginning of revitalisation.
Der auf Braunkohlenbasis dutch oxidative Ammonotyse hergestellte Humusdiingestoff wird anhand seiner Standardparameter, Elementgehatte und chemischen Eigenschaften beschrieben. Hiemach ist die N-modifizierte Braunkohle ein schadstoffarmes, N-reiches, dauerhumus~ihnliches Bodenverbessemngsmittel, das als Granulat sehr lagerungsbest~ndig ist. Der neue Humusd0ngestoff enth~itt stabil 5,78 + 0,38% Gesamtstickstoff, der chemisch unterschiedlich gebunden ist. Aufgrund seiner vergleichsweise geringen Nmi,-Gehalte kann er in grGgeren Mengen zur nachhaltigen Verbesserung der KAKpo t und Nt-Bodenvorr~ite humusfreier und kolloidarmer KippenbGden eingesetzt werden.The humus fertilizer produced on the base of brown coal is characterized by element contents and chemical parameters as standards. N-modified brown coal is poor in noxious substances and rich by Nitrogen. This humus fertilizer has a granulate structure and is very stabil in storage for longer time. The granular humus fertilizer contents 5,78 + 0,38% total nitrogen bound in different kind. It is possible to apply this fertilizer in large quantities because of the low minimal content of nitrogen. The N-modified brown coal as an new humus fertilizer is suited for a sustainable amelioration of humus and colloid deficient dump soils.
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