The sluggish solid−solid conversion kinetics from Li 2 S 4 to Li 2 S during discharge is considered the main problem for cryogenic Li−S batteries. Herein, an all-liquidphase reaction mechanism, where all the discharging intermediates are dissolved in the functional thioether-based electrolyte, is proposed to significantly enhance the kinetics of Li−S battery chemistry at low temperatures. A fast liquidphase reaction pathway thus replaces the conventional slow solid−solid conversion route. Spectral investigations and molecular dynamics simulations jointly elucidate the greatly enhanced kinetics due to the highly decentralized state of solvated intermediates in the electrolyte. Overall, the battery brings an ultrahigh specific capacity of 1563 mAh g −1 sulfur in the cathode at −60 °C. This work provides a strategy for developing cryogenic Li−S batteries.
Solid polymer electrolytes with low density, low cost and excellent processability have been the ideal choice for researchers. However, their thermal stability and mechanical properties are so inadequate that it...
Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based polymer electrolytes are potential replacements for safer solid electrolytes in next-generation lithium metal batteries. However, the lower room temperature ionic conductivity and poor mechanical properties greatly hinder...
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