Due to loss and degradation of natural wetlands, waterbirds increasingly rely on surrounding human-dominated habitats to obtain food. Quantifying vigilance patterns, investigating the trade-off among various activities, and examining the underlying mechanisms will help us understand how waterbirds adapt to human-caused disturbances. During two successive winters (November-February of 2012–13 and 2013–14), we studied the hooded crane, Grus monacha, in the Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve (NNR), China, to investigate how the species responds to human disturbances through vigilance and activity time-budget adjustments. Our results showed striking differences in the behavior of the cranes when foraging in the highly disturbed rice paddy fields found in the buffer zone compared with the degraded natural wetlands in the core area of the NNR. Time spent vigilant decreased with flock size and cranes spent more time vigilant in the human-dominated buffer zone. In the rice paddy fields, the birds were more vigilant but also fed more at the expense of locomotion and maintenance activities. Adult cranes spent more time vigilant and foraged less than juveniles. We recommend habitat recovery in natural wetlands and community co-management in the surrounding human-dominated landscape for conservation of the hooded crane and, generally, for the vast numbers of migratory waterbirds wintering in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River floodplain.
Objective
Current study focused on the influence of miR‐200b‐3p on cardiocyte apoptosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by regulating CD36 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ) signaling pathway.
Methods
Bioinformatic analysis was used to analyze differentially expressed microRNA (miRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and activated pathways in DCM. And then quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was conducted to verify expression of miR‐200b‐3p and CD36 in DCM model rats and glucose treated H9c2 cell line. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the transcriptional regulation of agomiR‐200b‐3p and investigate the relationship between miR‐200b‐3p and CD36. Flow cytometry was performed to assess cardiocyte apoptosis in different interference conditions. Echocardiography was used to illustrate the ejection fraction rate and fraction shortening rate of DCM model rats. Next, hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) staining assay was carried out to reveal structures of cardiocyte tissues with transfection in different conditions. Masson trichrome staining was used to evaluate myocardial fibrosis. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of PPAR‐γ signaling‐related protein PPAR‐γ and Bcl‐2.
Results
miR‐200b‐3p was low‐expressed while CD36 was overexpressed in DCM. AgomiR‐200b‐3p could inhibit the expression of CD36 to regulate cardiocyte apoptosis in DCM. CD36 activated PPAR‐γ signaling pathway in DCM. Silencing CD36 or GW9662 treatment protect rat against DCM.
Conclusion
miR‐200b‐3p targeted CD36 to regulate cardiocyte apoptosis of DCM by activating PPAR‐γ signaling pathway.
a b s t r a c tIn this paper a new notion of continuous information system is introduced. It is shown that the information systems of this kind generate exactly the continuous domains. The new information systems are of the same logic-oriented style as the information systems first introduced by Scott in 1982: they consist of a set of tokens, a consistency predicate and an entailment relation satisfying a set of natural axioms.It is shown that continuous information systems are closely related to abstract bases. Indeed, both categories are equivalent. Since it is known that the categories of abstract bases and/or continuous domains are equivalent, it follows that the category of continuous information systems is also equivalent to that of continuous domains.In applications, mostly subclasses of continuous domains are considered. For example, the domains have to be pointed, algebraic, bounded-complete or FS. Conditions are presented that, when fulfilled by a continuous information system, force the generated domain to belong to the required subclass. In most cases the requirements are not only sufficient but also necessary.
In this paper, posets which may not be dcpos are considered. In terms of the Scott topology on posets, the new concept of quasicontinuous posets is introduced. Some properties and characterizations of quasicontinuous posets are examined. The main results are: (1) a poset is quasicontinuous iff the lattice of all Scott open sets is a hypercontinuous lattice; (2) the directed completions of quasicontinuous posets are quasicontinuous domains; (3) A poset is continuous iff it is quasicontinuous and meet continuous, generalizing the relevant result for dcpos.
In this paper, posets which may not be dcpos are considered. The concept of embedded bases for posets is introduced. Characterizations of continuity of posets in terms of embedded bases and Scott topology are given. The main results are:(1) A poset is continuous iff it is an embedded basis for a dcpo up to an isomorphism;(2) A poset is continuous iff its Scott topology is completely distributive;(3) A topological T 0 space is a continuous poset equipped with the Scott topology in the specialization order iff its topology is completely distributive and coarser than or equal to the Scott topology; (4) A topological T 1 space is a discrete space iff its topology is completely distributive.These results generalize the relevant results obtained by J.D. Lawson for dcpos.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.