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We use analog experiments to investigate the influence of rapid filling of a foreland basin system during the development of a fold-and-thrust belt, in particular, the change of erosion–sedimentation along the strike in the Longmenshan foreland basin. A negative relationship between wedge geometries and the magnitude of erosion can be found; increased erosion results in out-of-sequence thrusting and fault reactivation in the wedge hinterland, to limit the forelandward propagation of the wedge. In contrast, increased sedimentation facilitates the forelandward propagation of the wedge. We focus on a natural example of the Longmenshan foreland basin, where a change in erosion–sedimentation along the strike during the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic is well documented. The comparison between our model and seismic sections indicates that such along-strike variation results in a rejuvenated foreland basin restricted to the southwestern part of the western Sichuan Basin in the Cenozoic.

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