This paper presents experimental research on the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) routing of a traditional motif collected from Ţara Bârsei (Transylvania region) using two methods, namely, engraving (Engrave) and carving (V-Carve). The analysis of the CNC router processes includes the calculation of the path lengths, an assessment of the processing time and wood mass loss, and an evaluation of the tool wearing by investigating the tool cutting edge on a Stereo Microscope NIKON SMZ 18 before and after processing the ornament on wood. An aesthetic evaluation of the ornament routed on wood, using both the engraving and carving methods, is also conducted, whilst a microscopic analysis of the processed areas highlights the defects that occurred on the wood surface depending on the tool path.
The suitability of using milled sunflower husks as a wood substitute for producing medium-density particleboard was investigated. Additionally, the impact of the adhesive type and the amount used on the properties of the panels were evaluated. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) in three commercial variants (UCL, U96, and AG), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), modified melamine urea-formaldehyde (VM), and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI), as well as mixtures of VM/AG and of PF/pMDI, were used to manufacture the panels. The adhesive content was varied between 3% and 6% for pMDI, and from 9% and 12% for the other adhesives. Higher thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) values were observed with the UF panels compared with the PF and pMDI panels. The lowest mechanical strength properties were observed for the UF panels, with the commercial variants ranking (from highest to lowest): UCL > VM/AG > U96. Increasing the adhesive content level resulted in better dimensional stabilities and mechanical properties for the pMDI and PF panels, which met some of the performance requirements for interior uses prescribed by the relevant standard.
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