One of the challenges of silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) in practical application as quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes is the irreversible degradation induced by humid conditions, revealing their excited state...
Vinyl-substituted N-heterocycles, as more challenging inert olefins with more stable reactivity, have brought about widespread attention in the reaction of aza-Michael addition or reduction coupling reaction. Here, we report a [Pd(η 3 -C 3 H 5 )Cl] 2 / Sc(OTf) 3 -catalyzed catalytic process accelerated by Brønsted acids with a β-selective aza-Michael addition to yield a γ-quaternary carbon from vinyl-substituted quinolines, diazos, and anilines/ alcohols in one pot. The generation of anhydride analogues from Brønsted acid and the counter anion (OTf − ) of Lewis acid promotes the activation of the corresponding Lewis acid and the nearly quantitative transformation. Both π-cation and coordination interactions play pivotal roles in the activation of the vinylquinoline substrates by the activated Lewis acid Sc(OTf) 3 . The control mechanistic evidence and DFT calculations presented a Pd/ Sc/Brønsted acid co-catalyzed addition mechanism. The triple co-catalytic system provides a strategy for the activation of vinylquinolines with a linear selectivity containing γ-quaternary carbon, and the developed method shows a broad substrate scope varying from alkyl/aryl alcohols and amines which provides a general and rapid strategy for the quinoline-based diverse library construction.
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