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The cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) protein is a critical tumor biomarker tightly related to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we prepared an effective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for CYFRA 21-1 detection using electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP). The CYFRA 21-1 antigen was fixed on the electrode surface by constructing a sandwich type antibody-antigen-antibody immune system. The sensitivity of ECL was improved by using the eATRP reaction. In this method, eATRP was applied to CYFRA 21-1 detection antibody with N-acryloyloxysuccinimide as functional monomer. This is the first time that ECL and eATRP signal amplification technology had been combined. Under the optimized testing conditions, the immunosensor showed a good linear relation in the range from 1 fg mL−1 to 1 μg mL−1 at a limit of detection of 0.8 fg mL−1 (equivalent to ~ 134 molecules in a 10 μL sample). The ECL immunosensing system based on eATRP signal amplification technology provided a new way for rapid diagnosis of lung cancer by detecting CYFRA 21-1. Graphical abstract

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Abstract. The seeds of Gleditsia sinensis is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. To definite the active ingredients of the seeds of gleditsia sinensis, SEGS was extracted from the seeds of Gleditsia sinensis. Investigations the interaction between the active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine and BSA is helpful for explaining the medicine mechanism. Under the simulative human physiological conditions, the interaction between SEGS and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The quenching mechanism of SEGS with BSA is dynamic quenching, SEGS bound with BSA by van der Waals forces or hydrogen bond. The binding constants and the number of binding sites between SEGS and BSA at different temperatures (298 and 308 K) were obtained.

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