Natural recreation resources play a central role in tourism activities in most part of the world as they are main source of tourist attractions. Despite this, little is known on the economic use values of natural recreation resources in Tanzania. Little information on the economic use values of natural recreational resources is attributed by market failure issues embedded with these resources as they belong to non-market goods and services which normally do not have actual market prices. In most instances these resources are considered free gifts of nature and in case they are priced their values are usually under estimated. Environmental valuation techniques can quantify the economic use value of non market goods and services such as natural recreation resources. This study employed the Individual Travel Cost Method to measure the economic use value of recreation resources in Nyerere National Park (NNP). Specifically, the study measured the consumer surplus per tourist per trip and estimated the annual recreation use value of the park. The study involved 215 tourists who were grouped into resident and non-resident tourists. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14 and a Zero Truncated Poisson Regression Model was employed to estimate tourists' demand function. The findings show that consumer surplus for resident, non-resident and when the two groups were combined together were $62.
Changing rural-urban connections are made evident in the patterns and dynamics of rural transformations. This study investigates these transformations by presenting data from a particularly dynamic area: Njombe Region in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. By taking its empirical point of departure in the development of Njombe Town and its rural hinterland, this paper illustrates how such transformations are manifested in this region and how they influence the livelihoods of rural dwellers, including mobility patterns, livelihood diversification and socio-economic mobility. We argue that, even in dynamic regions with apparently positive levels of development and emerging opportunities, local spatial variations and differences in household characteristics and strategies influence the degree to which people can benefit from the positive aspects of changing and increased links between rural and urban areas. Transformations of rural areas have the potential to increase inequalities and encourage processes of transformation that are not entirely inclusive.
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