CT volumetry of gastric carcinoma is feasible and reproducible. Tumour volume <19.4 ml predicts T1-stage gastric cancer with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity (P = 0.0001). Tumour volume >95.7 ml predicts metastatic gastric cancer with 87% sensitivity and 78.5% specificity (P = 0.0001). CT volumetry may be a useful adjunct for staging gastric carcinoma.

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Purpose: To compare the refractive outcomes of combined versus sequential trabeculectomy and then phacoemulsification. Methods: We compared eyes that underwent uncomplicated combined phacotrabeculectomy (combined group, 87 eyes), phacoemulsification at least 3 months after trabeculectomy (sequential group, 56 eyes), and phacoemulsification only (control group, 78 eyes) between January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2014. The main outcome measure was refractive prediction error (RPE)—defined as postoperative subjective spherical equivalent refraction minus predicted spherical equivalent refraction. Results: The study population was predominantly Chinese and the mean age at their cataract surgery was 67.2±9.59 years. Compared with controls, RPE (−0.40±0.70 vs. −0.01±0.50, P<0.001) and mean absolute error (0.62±0.50 vs. 0.39±0.31, P=0.003) were greater for the combined group but not for the sequential group. Proportionately fewer patients in the combined group achieved final subjective refraction within ±0.5D (27.6% vs. 46.2%, P=0.01) compared with controls. Within the sequential group, there were no differences in RPE when the fellow eye axial length was used to predict refractive outcome (P=0.17) or between the group with precataract surgery IOPs of ≤11 mm Hg (−0.28±0.82) and the group with >11 mm Hg (−0.28±0.53, P=0.99). For the sequential group, the use of contact A scan yielded less RPE compared with IOLMaster (P=0.01). Conclusions: Combined approach to trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification resulted in greater myopic RPEs that were expectedly greater than those found in the phacoemulsification group.

INTRODUCTION Pertrochanteric fractures after low-energy trauma are common among osteoporotic patients. Although the use of intramedullary devices to treat such fractures is becoming increasingly popular, there is a paucity of data comparing the outcomes of the use of short cephalomedullary nails (SCN) with the use of long cephalomedullary nails (LCN). This study aimed to compare the outcomes of treatment using LCN with treatment using SCN for patients with osteoporotic pertrochanteric fractures.METHODS A retrospective review of 64 patients with osteoporotic pertrochanteric fractures who were treated with either LCN or SCN and had a minimum follow-up of one year was performed. Primary outcome measures include complications, revision surgeries and union rates. Secondary outcome measures include duration of surgery, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and ambulatory and mortality status at one year. RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the clinical and functional outcomes of the patients who were treated with LCN and those who were treated with SCN. However, there was a higher incidence of heterotopic ossification in the latter group, and a slightly greater average estimated blood loss and duration of surgery in the former group. Patients treated with LCN tended to be more osteoporotic.CONCLUSION Our study found no significant difference in terms of complications, revision surgeries, union rates and ambulatory status between the patients who were treated with LCN and those who were treated with SCN. Both LCN and SCN provided safe and reliable outcomes in the treatment of osteoporotic pertrochanteric fractures.