Statistical shape analysis captures the geometric properties of a given set of shapes, obtained from medical images, by means of statistical methods. Orthognathic surgery is a type of craniofacial surgery that is aimed at correcting severe skeletal deformities in the mandible and maxilla. Methods assuming spherical topology cannot represent the class of anatomical structures exhibiting complex geometries and topologies, including the mandible. In this paper we propose methodology based on non-rigid deformations of 3D geometries to be applied to objects with thin, complex structures. We are able to accurately and quantitatively characterize bone healing at the osteotomy site as well as condylar remodeling for three orthognathic surgery cases, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Although the National Transportation Safety Board has strongly recommended the application of collision avoidance warning systems and automated emergency braking (CAWS/AEB), the transit industry has lagged behind autos and trucks. CAWS/AEB for buses is more complex than for cars and trucks and represents a niche market. If bus manufacturers and suppliers are to invest in developing this technology, they will need to be convinced there is a market for it. Transit agencies also will need to be convinced that the technology works and is affordable. For both vendors and purchasers, a business case could be made that some or all of the expense of procuring and deploying the technology can be recovered through savings from reduced insurance premiums and claims payouts by preventing or mitigating collisions. This paper describes two methods for estimating the business case for equipping transit buses with CAWS/AEB. First, industrywide data on the numbers of collisions and casualty and liability expenses incurred by transit agencies were examined, and statistical relationships were modeled to determine whether reducing the numbers of collisions would reduce casualty and liability expenses. Second, individual collision claims records for specific transit agencies were examined to determine whether the collisions could have been prevented by CAWS/AEB, and the potential savings.
This essay reconstructs the relationship between Hölderlin’s philosophical aesthetics and the mythological dimensions of his mature poetry (circa 1800). It traces how Hölderlin expanded Schiller’s ideas about the harmony of beauty to the Absolute and transformed Schiller’s views of aesthetic education, and its societal significance, into the programme of a new mythology. In doing so, Hölderlin both made a crucial contribution to developments within post-Kantian philosophy and established the theoretical basis for the mythopoetry of his great elegies and hymns, which are the highest embodiment of his philosophical aesthetics. In contrast to Hegel’s mature system, in which it is only philosophy that can resolve the oppositions of modernity, Hölderlin held the view (similarly to Schelling) that these oppositions – especially the opposition between nature and spirit – could only be resolved in the form of a new, syncretic mythology. The essay explicates various texts by Hölderlin, including letters, essays, the novel Hyperion, the elegy ‘Bread and Wine’ and the hymn ‘Celebration of Peace’. It also argues for the relevance of Hölderlin’s mythopoetic vision to our contemporary situation of ecological crisis.
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