The aim of the following study was to present three alternative methods of visualization on animated maps illustrating the movement of people gathered at an open-air event recorded on photographs taken by a drone. The effectiveness of an orthorectified low-level aerial image (a so-called orthophoto), a dot distribution map, and a buffer map was tested in an experiment featuring experts, and key significance was attached to the juxtaposition of objective responses with subjective opinions. The results of the study enabled its authors to draw conclusions regarding the importance of visualizing topographic references (stable objects) and people (mobile objects) and the usefulness of the particular elements of animated maps for their analysis and interpretation.
The aim of the study is to present landscape changes in the nineteenth century in the central part of the Upper Silesian Industrial District, which is the municipality of Katowice (southern Poland). The comparison of changes, particularly components of the geographical environment, is based on two time periodsthe year 1827 and 1883. Nineteenth-century maps were georeferenced, digitized and a series of thematic spatial visualizations presenting quantitative changes were generated by means of the Geographic Information System (GIS). The scale of the visualization created is 1:100,000 and the area is 16,400 ha. The spatial visualization of quantitative landscape change shows the development of the anthropogenic pressure in the form of settlement areas, raw materials extraction places, roads, and the decrease of natural environments, such as forests, rivers, and water bodies. These changes were caused mainly by the exploration of underground deposits and the rapidly growing population of Upper Silesia.
Zusammenfassung Zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts zeigte sich die Landschaft in Deutschland und Polen in einem Zustand, der sich seit dem Mittelalter nur wenig verändert hatte. Erst die einsetzende Industrialisierung führte zu einer massiven Umgestaltung der Kulturlandschaft, die charakteristische räumliche Strukturen in den industriellen Zentren des Ruhrgebietes und des Oberschlesischen Industriegebiets hervorbrachte. In einem deutsch-polnischen Gemeinschaftsprojekt wurde nun erstmals das Ausmaß der landschaftlichen Veränderungen dokumentiert und quantifiziert. Die Grundlage bildeten u.a. historische Kartenwerke ("Preußische Uraufnahme"), die in beiden Regionen weitgehend zeitgleich und mit einheitlicher Zeichenkodierung erstellt wurden. Ein Teil der Ergebnisse wurde in Form von Kartendarstellungen und Grafiken visualisiert und für eine interaktive Webkarte aufbereitet. Die Darstellungen können somit zeit-und ortsungebunden in Deutsch, Polnisch und Englisch abgerufen werden (http://carto lands cape.amu.edu.pl/).
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