Abstract. The main aim of this paper was to analyze possible utilization of the low concentration nanofluids and the magnetic field to enhance heat transfer. The studied fluids were based on water with an addition of copper particles (40-60 nm diameter). They belonged to the diamagnetic group of materials. As a first attempt to stated target the analysis of enclosure placed in the maximal value of square magnetic induction gradient was carried out. The maximum was in the centre of investigated cavity and it caused the most complex system of gravitational and magnetic buoyancy forces. In the lower part of cavity both forces acted in the same direction, while in the upper part they counteracted. Therefore an enhancement and attenuation of heat transfer could be observed. Due to the particle concentration and magnetic field action the character of flow was changed. In the case of 50 ppm nanofluid the flow was steady end the strong magnetic field didn't change much in its structure except for the suppression of some vortices. In the case of 500 ppm nanofluid the flow was not steady even without magnetic field, but increasing magnetic induction caused change of its structure towards the inertial-convective regime of turbulent flow.
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Related contentFlow structure, heat transfer and scaling analysis in the case of thermo-magnetic convection in a differentially heated cylindrical enclosure E Fornalik-Wajs, P Filar, J Wajs et al. Abstract. The effect of a strong magnetic field on the temperature and velocity fields of laminar flow was examined. The magnetizing force and gravity term were included in the momentum conservation equation. Biot-Savart's law was applied to obtain the distribution of magnetic field. Three-dimensional computations were performed for straight pipe and pipe with elbow. The single circular magnetic coil was oriented perpendicularly to the flow axis and divided the straight pipe in two equal parts, while in the case of pipe with elbow was just at the beginning of elbow.. The wall of the first straight part was adiabatic while the second was isothermal. Half of the elbow was heated, while the reamining part was adiabatic. Various boundary conditions were applied to estimate their influence on the velocity and temperature distributions. Low entrance velocity, high wall temperature and strong magnetic field led to deceleration of the flow in the central area, acceleration near the wall and formation of recirculation zone in between for the straight pipe. Flow structure and temperature field in the pipe with elbow were significantly modified by the magnetic force. Increasing entrance velocity reduced influence of magnetic field, therefore the flow was less modified. High temperature and magnetic induction resulted in significant changes of the velocity profile. The analysis was conducted with an application of software with special user-defined function. The magnetic field had an influence on the forced convection but its scale depended on the fluid and flow properties, boundary conditions and magnetic field induction.
Thermomagnetic convection is still a phenomenon which generates interest among researchers. The authors decided to focus their attention on the magnetic field influence on forced convection and analyze the extended Graetz–Brinkman problem. A numerical model based on a commonly available solver implemented with user-defined functions was used. The results exhibited the variety of possible flow structures depending on the dimensionless parameters, namely Prandtl and Reynolds numbers. Three flow structure classes were distinguished, and they provide a platform for further research.
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