The COVID-19 pandemic generated a number of changes in the functioning of urban areas all over the world and had a visible impact on the use of green infrastructure, including city parks. The study discusses and compares operation and use of two such parks located in Wellington, New Zealand and Warsaw, Poland by adopting "pandemic urban ethnography", an approach that includes autoethnography, interviews with users, non-participant observation, and analysis of social media content. As indicated by the findings of the study, the importance of less rigidly designed, multifunctional spaces that give their users freedom of "tactical" adjustments, significantly grows during times of lockdown and "social distancing". During such a crisis, the management and everyday use of urban parks are highly related to urban policies. The article provides insight into how those policies impact the functional values of green infrastructure confronting it with user-generated adaptations and the landscape design itself. The global health emergency showed how access to green areas becomes a crucial determinant on environmental justice while proving the significance of "tactical pandemic urbanism" as both a design and management method.

7 P. Moskowitz, How To Kill a City. Gentrification. Inequality, and the Fight for the Neighborhood, Nation Books, New York 2017, ebook. W opracowaniu w charakterze pełnoprawnych źródeł wykorzystywałem wydania elektroniczne (ebooki), chociaż jak do tej pory badacze rzadko sięgają po nie we w pełni otwarty sposób. Ebooki nie posiadają tradycyjnej paginacji, co znalazło odzwierciedlenie w dotyczących ich przypisach.

The dissemination of social media and the growing resources of big data create both new opportunities for urban space analysis and new challenges for contemporary policy making. Among the sources useful from this standpoint there are, inter alia, photos posted on Instagram. They can easily become the basis for behavioural analysis of the quality of urban life based on complete sampling and conducted in the method of deskresearch. The article uses photographs published on Instagram for the purpose of exploratory analysis of land use on the examples of five parks located in New York. This makes it possible to determine the nature and ways of perception of selected spaces.

ABSTRAKT: Rok 1972 wyznaczył cezurę w historii architektury, przez wyburzenie osiedla Pruitt Igoe, stanowiąc symboliczny początek końca modernizmu. Równolegle w Polsce oddano do użytku osiedle Za Żelazną Bramą stanowiące modelowy przykład socmodernizmu, a działalność na masową skalę rozpoczynał przemysł budowlany i jego "fabryki domów". Urbanistyka lat 70. i 80. XX w., do dzisiaj budząca emocje ze względu na niedoskonałości funkcjonalne i estetyczne, stała się przedmiotem fascynacji rozbudzonej publikacjami F. Springera, a zarazem obiektem refleksji krytycznej na bazie późnych przekładów J. Jacobs i R. Venturiego. Artykuł analizuje dzisiejsze oblicze blokowisk pod kątem ich oceny społecznej, technicznej i funkcjonalnej w odniesieniu do współczesnych teorii urbanistycznych, kreśląc perspektywy rozwoju, możliwego "powrotu bloków" i budownictwa prefabrykowanego.SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: mieszkalnictwo, osiedle, modernizm, socmodernizm, budownictwo przemysłowe ABSTRACT: The year 1972 was a turning point in the history of architecture because of the demolition of the Pruitt-Igoe housing estate and thus became the symbolic beginning of the end of modernism. At the same time, in Poland, the housing estate called "Za Żelazną Bramą" (Behind the Iron Gate) was put in use and became the model example of the socialist modernism and the construction industry and its "housing factories" began their activities on a mass scale. The urbanism of the 1970s and the 1980s, still controversial today because of its functional and aesthetical limitations, recently became an object of fascination reawakened by F. Springer's books and -on the other hand -an object of critical reflection based on late Polish translations of J. Jacobs and R. Venturi works. The paper analyzes current landscape of block housing estates in terms of their social, technical and functional evaluation in relation to contemporary urban theories, showing some developmental prospects and possible "return of the blocks of flats" and the prefabricated construction industry