Research results on the impact of railway noise on birds show a variety of bird responses. These behaviours are often different from those exhibited by birds occupying habitats along tarred roads. Knowledge of this subject is still incomplete. We attempted to define the influence of a heavily transited railway line on bird communities at stopover sites near the tracks during the autumn migration period. Birds were counted using the point method at 45 observation points located at three distances (30 m, 280 m, 530 m) from the tracks. At each point we determined the habitat parameters and the intensity of noise. A total of 614 individuals from 29 species were recorded on the study plot. The results of our observations indicate that the railway line does not adversely affect woodland birds during the autumn migration. The results showed that the abundance of birds and the species richness were actually the highest near the railway line. Species foraging on invertebrates preferred the neighbourhood of the tracks. The number of the most common species did not differ widely in relation to distance from the tracks. These data may be helpful in planning and managing the environment in the context of bird conservation, protection from railway noise and collisions with trains.
Scolitantides orion is a butterfly species threatened in many European countries. In Poland, it survived in a single highly isolated area (Vistula River valley), which is an example of the dramatic decline in the population number. We studied the two largest remaining populations inhabiting opposite banks of the river. Mark-release-recapture studies showed that both populations were small, and they fluctuated in numbers, but adult individuals were twice as numerous on the western site. Genetic analyses were carried out using a mitochondrial (COI, ND5) and nuclear markers (Wgl, EF-1α, and microsatellite loci). We found out that genetic variation was low at both sites but higher in the smaller eastern population. This pattern is likely to be better explained by past distribution, when the butterfly, as a continental species used to be much more widespread in the east. However, the genetic differentiation between populations was low. This could suggest that the existing gene flow is facilitated by dominant regional wind direction, which may also contribute to a better genetic condition of the western population. Finally, a comparison of the obtained COI sequences with others available enabled us to reveal the phylogeographic pattern of the S. orion from different localities within its range.
In 2012 and 2013, 418 species of moths at total were recorded in the Botanical Garden of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. The list comprises 116 species of Noctuidae (26.4% of the Polish fauna), 116 species of Geometridae (28.4% of the Polish fauna) and 63 species of other Macrolepidoptera representatives (27.9% of the Polish fauna). The remaining 123 species were represented by Microlepidoptera. Nearly 10% of the species were associated with wetland habitats, what constitutes a surprisingly large proportion in such an urbanised area. Comparing the obtained data with previous studies concerning Polish urban fauna of Lepidoptera, the moths assemblages in the Botanical Garden were the most similar to the one from the Natolin Forest Reserve which protects the legacy of Mazovian forests. Several recorded moths appertain to locally and rarely encountered species, as Stegania cararia, Melanthia procellata, Pasiphila chloerata, Eupithecia haworthiata, Horisme corticata, Xylomoia graminea, Polychrysia moneta. In the light of the conducted studies, the Botanical Garden in Lublin stands out as quite high biodiversity and can be regarded as a refuge for moths within the urban limits of Lublin.Ogród Botaniczny Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie jako ostoja motyli nocnych (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) w mieście Słowa kluczowe bioróżnorodność, fauna miejska, faunistyka, miasto, struktura gatunkowa, gatunki rzadkie, ochrona. StreszczenieNa podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w latach 2012-2013 na terenie Ogrodu Botanicznego Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie stwierdzono występowanie 418 gatunków motyli nocnych. Lista gatunków zawiera: 116 gatunków należących do Noctuidae (26,4% polskiej fauny), 116 gatunków należących do Geometridae (28,4% polskiej fauny) oraz 63 gatunki należące do pozostałych przedstawicieli Macrolepidoptera (27,9% polskiej fauny). Pozostałe 123 gatunki były reprezentowane przez Microlepidoptera. Co ciekawe, ok. 10% spośród stwierdzonych gatunków było związanych ze środowiskami podmokłymi, co stanowi zaskakująco duży odsetek w tak zurbanizowanym obszarze jak Lublin. Porównując uzyskane Łukasz Dawidowicz, Halina Kucharczyk 16 dane z poprzednimi badaniami dotyczącymi miejskiej lepidopterofauny w Polsce, zbiorowisko motyli z Ogrodu Botanicznego w Lublinie swoim składem gatunkowym było najbardziej zbliżone do tego wykazanego z rezerwatu "Las Natoliński", który chroni pozostałość Puszczy Mazowieckiej. Spośród stwierdzonych motyli wiele należało do gatunków rzadko i lokalnie spotykanych, m.in.: Stegania cararia, Melanthia procellata, Pasiphila chloerata, Eupithecia haworthiata, Horisme corticata, Xylomoia graminea, Polychrysia moneta. W świetle przeprowadzonych badań Ogród Botaniczny w Lublinie odznacza się dosyć wysoką bioróżnorodnością i może być uważany za refugium dla motyli w środowisku miejskim Lublina.
ABSTRACT.Cryptoblabes gnidiella is an opportunistic species native to the Mediterranean region. This species has been reported from several dozen host plants, including many cultivated plants, especially fruit (e.g. grapes, lemons or pomegranates). It is considered a serious pest together with accompanying insects such as mealybugs. It is also suspected of being a vector of certain pathogens. The Honeydew Moth constitutes a threat not only to crops in the Mediterranean basin but is also becoming a problem in other parts of the world with a suitable climate, where this species has been accidentally imported. The records given here are from the time of year when pomegranates are commonly available on supermarket shelves. These data show that the import of this species is quite common and that the lack of such information hitherto may be due to its having been overlooked. This paper presents the first records of Cryptoblabes gnidiella in Poland.
The genus Anatrachyntis Meyrick 1915 comprises more than 50 moths species, mostly abundant in the Oriental Region but also known from Australia, New Zealand, Africa, both Americas, and S Europe (here mainly as introduced accidents) ( Lepesme, 1947;Zimmerman, 1978;Cock and Burris, 2013). The moths from this genus are characterized by small sizes, noticeably narrow forewings with more or less reddish ground color, and very narrow and pointed hindwings with prominent cilia characterizing the whole family. So far, only 3 representatives of this genus have been recorded from Europe: A. badia (Hodges, 1962), A. simplex (Walsingham, 1891), and A. rileyi (Walsingham, 1882) (Koster and Sinev, 2003; http://www.fauna-eu.org/). All these species are small, are similar to each other, and have a quite variable wing pattern. Thus, examination of genital structures is recommended for proper species determination, especially in cases of worn specimens. A. badia is a species originally described from North America. It is predominantly known from southern part of the USA including Hawaii,
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