Abstract. In order to make database systems interoperate with systems beyond traditional application areas a new paradigm called \exporting database functionality" as a radical departure from traditional thinking has been proposed in research a n d d e v elopment. Traditionally, all data is loaded into and owned by the database, whereas according to the new paradigm data may reside outside the database in external repositories or archives. Nevertheless, database functionality, s u c h as query processing, and indexing, is provided exploiting interoperability o f the DBMS with the external repositories. Obviously, there is an overhead involved having the DBMS interoperate with external repositories instead of a priori loading all data into the DBMS. In this paper we discuss alternatives for interoperability at di erent l e v els of abstraction, and we report on evaluations performed using the Concert prototype system making these cost factors explicit.
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