Cavitation is the phenomenon of fluid evaporation in hydraulic systems, which occurs due to a pressure drop below the value of the vapor pressure. For numerical modeling of this generally undesirable phenomenon, which is often associated with material damage (erosion), there are various mathematical vapor transfer models that have been validated in the past. There are different approaches to predicting cavitation erosion, which have mostly been experimental in the past. Recently various numerical models have been developed with the development of numerical simulations. They describe the phenomenon of cavitation erosion based on different theoretical considerations, such as Pressure wave hypothesis, Microjet hypothesis, or a combination of both. In the present paper, an analysis of the Schnerr-Sauer transport cavitation model was used, upgraded with an erosive potential energy model based on pressure wave hypothesis for cavitation erosion prediction. The extended numerical model has been applied to the case of a radial divergent test section in three different mathematical formulations. The results of simulation were compared and validated to experimental work performed by other authors. The study shows that the distribution of surface accumulated energy agrees with the experimental results, although certain differences exist between formulations. The applied method appears to be appropriate for further use, and to be extended to materials response modeling in the future.
The viscosity of a hydraulic fluid is certainly one of the most important material properties of a fluid, as it affects a whole range of phenomena in the hydraulic system and the operation of the entire system. Among other things, it affects the efficiency of the hydraulic device directly. Thus, the development of hydraulic fluids goes in the direction of fluids with lower viscosity, which, in turn, results in different flow behaviour and processes inside the hydraulic tank. The paper presents the results of a study of the flow conditions in a small hydraulic tank for cases of different fluid viscosities. The results were obtained based on a detailed simulation of conditions inside the tank. Apart from the impact of the changed flow conditions, the lower viscosity of the liquid also influences the elimination of solid contaminants and air.
The basic purpose of the hydraulic tank is to hold a volume of fluid, transfer heat from the system, allow solid contaminants to settle and facilitate the release of air and moisture from the fluid. To perform these important tasks more efficiently, the tank must be properly dimensioned and it must operate in correct flow rate range. At high flow rates it can be subjected to effects of turbulence, leading to poorer performance of the tank. To predict turbulent effects correctly a numerical simulation, based on RANS approach is prepared and run. Difference between k-ε model and k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) is investigated and results are presented. Impact of choice of turbulence model is discussed.
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