In this letter, a concept of high-gain circularly polarized X-band antenna employing a partially reflecting surface (PRS) has been presented. In the initial antenna analysis, the influence of parasitic elements size in the PRS structure on antenna radiation pattern parameters has been investigated and the optimal arrangement of the elements has been identified. The proposed antenna provides wide bandwidth of return loss above 10 dB of 20% (8-9.8 GHz) and circular polarization in a frequency range 8.35-8.95 GHz. The final design is compact (62 × 62 × 22.2 mm) and lightweight (29.7 g), which makes it suitable for use in CubeSat X-band communication systems but also drone and high-altitude pseudo-satellite (HAPS) applications.
Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) estimation is a technique that can be used to improve key parameters of modern wireless systems, including connectivity, coverage and energy efficiency. In its most common implementation, it relies on digital beamforming and requires a number of digital signal processing (DSP) units, which has a negative impact on total system cost and energy consumption [1]. To address these deficiencies, one can use simpler and more energy efficient electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna concept, first proposed in [2], in which a centrally placed active element is surrounded by a number of passive elements that are connected to variable reactances. By setting up the correct values of reactances, one can form a directional main beam, and by changing these values electronically it is possible to rotate the main beam around the antenna.
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