Introduction
Zoophilia has been known for a long time but, underreported in the medical literature, is likely a risk factor for human urological diseases.
Aim
To investigate the behavioral characteristics of sex with animals (SWA) and its associations with penile cancer (PC) in a case-control study.
Methods
A questionnaire about personal and sexual habits was completed in interviews of 118 PC patients and 374 controls (healthy men) recruited between 2009 and 2010 from 16 urology and oncology centers.
Main Outcome Measures
SWA rates, geographic distribution, duration, frequency, animals involved, and behavioral habits were investigated and used to estimate the odds of SWA as a PC risk factor.
Results
SWA was reported by 171 (34.8%) subjects, 44.9% of PC patients and 31.6% of controls (P < 0.008). The mean ages at first and last SWA episode were 13.5 years (standard deviation [SD] 4.4 years) and 17.1 years (SD 5.3 years), respectively. Subjects who reported SWA also reported more venereal diseases (P < 0.001) and sex with prostitutes (P < 0.001), and were more likely to have had more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (P < 0.001) than those who did not report SWA. SWA with a group of men was reported by 29.8% of subjects and SWA alone was reported by 70.2%. Several animals were used by 62% of subjects, and 38% always used the same animal. The frequency of SWA included single (14%), weekly or more (39.5%), and monthly episodes (15%). Univariate analysis identified phimosis, penile premalignancies, smoking, nonwhite race, sex with prostitutes, and SWA as PC risk factors. Phimosis, premalignant lesions, smoking, and SWA remained as risk factors in multivariate analysis. However, SWA did not impact the clinicopathological outcomes of PC.
Conclusion
SWA is a risk factor for PC and may be associated with venereal diseases. New studies are required in other populations to test other possible nosological links with SWA.
Purpose: Several studies have documented high incidence of urinary lithiasis after jejunoileal by-pass. Roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is currently the most common bariatric procedure. Because of its difficult for absorption, RYGB has a potential risk to increase the incidence of lithiasis. This study was conducted in order to test the hypothesis that RYGB increases the incidence urolithiasis after 50% of excessive weight loss.
Materials and Methods:We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate 58 patients who underwent RYGB at the Obesity Service at Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, between 2000 and 2005, with minimum follow-up of 10 and maximum of 72 months, after the procedure. Results: Forty-five (77.6%) patients had ≥ 50% loss of weight excess. There was no difference between the frequency of urolithiasis before and after the procedure, and nephrolithiasis was observed after surgery in only one patient, however this had been detected before the procedure. Conclusion: In the period studied, RYGB does not seem to affect the incidence of urolithiasis after weight reduction. This may be due to its smaller malabsorptive component as compared with jejunoileal "by-pass", thereby possibly not significantly influencing the oxalate metabolism.
Introdução: Dentre as complicações ureterais, as mais comuns são fístula, estenose e refluxo, incidindo em cerca de 2 a 10% dos pacientes transplantados. Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência das complicações ureterais dos transplantes renais intervivos de adultos. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 101 casos de transplante renal intervivos realizados em adultos, na Santa Casa de São Paulo, entre Jun/1977 e Mar/2005. Destes, 60 eram homens e 41, mulheres, com média de idade de 36 anos. Resultados: Houve nove casos de complicações ureterais (8,9%), sendo um caso de estenose, sete casos de fístula urinária e um caso de obstrução ureteral por cálculo. Não houve casos de refluxo. Em seis casos, as complicações foram precoces e ocorreram dentro dos trinta dias iniciais do pós-operatório. Destes casos, sete ocorreram nos 14 anos iniciais de transplante, e após 1991 houve apenas dois casos de complicações ureterais. Conclusão: As complicações ureterais do transplante renal intervivos em adultos foram eventos pouco freqüentes (8,9%) em nossa casuística, e ocorreram principalmente nos primeiros anos de transplante.
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