he construction industry is one of the industrial sectors with the lowest rates of fulfilment of contract deadlines, especially in developing countries. This fact has been the focus of considerable discussions seeking to identify the causes of the delays. The main purpose of this paper is to use factor analysis to identify the factors that are correlated with delay, contemplating exclusively residential real estate projects and using a city in the Brazilian Amazon as a case study. Based on the database from the government agency that authorises constructions in the city of Belém (City Planning Department - Secretaria Municipal de Urbanismo, SEURB) and data from construction companies, the study investigated 274 construction projects from the past 11 years. Factor analysis and work with the variables that can be identified and measured in the initial phase of the project, i.e., during the feasibility study, demonstrate that the physical characteristics of the apartments and the construction project are the primary causes for variations in construction delays; these causes have not yet been reported in the literature. We hope that the results of this study will contribute to more consistent forecasting of construction time, minimising the risk of delays.
The urbanization process represented by an increased supply of housing and transport infrastructure has taken place at an accelerated rate in several regions of Brazil, especially in the metropolitan areas of the Brazilian Amazon. Despite the existence of environmental policies that guide the proper disposal of civil construction waste (CCW) in Brazil, the impacts of these policies are still negligible, pointing to the need to establish other metrics such as the measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in CO2eq associated with civil construction waste. This work aims to evaluate, in the second-largest city in the Brazilian Amazon, the environmental impact generated by the transportation of CCW to disposal sites, having as indicators the volume of this waste and the CO2 emissions produced during a whole year. A literature review on life cycle carbon emissions assessment in building construction and CO2 emissions in transportation are provided to establish the background of the research methodology. Data collection was carried out by searching large generators of construction waste, the companies responsible for transporting construction waste, and the types of vehicles used. Calculation of GHG emissions from CCW transportation was based on the method described in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The study identified a volume of waste of around 1244 m3/month, with a generation of 40,440 kgCO2/year, only from small and large generators. Besides the damage identified in this study, there is also the dumping of CCW into urban streams in the city which is causing negative impacts on sanitation and drainage systems. The results point to the need to strengthen local policies to mitigate the impacts of the existing CCW to contribute to a more sustainable city.
Resumo Os investimentos em educação realizados pelo Governo Federal entre os anos de 2004 e 2014 chegaram a expressivos valores de 94,2 bilhões de reais, dos quais quase 7 bilhões de reais foram para as obras em instituições federais de ensino superior. Cabe ressaltar que, nesse setor, existe com frequência a ocorrência de aditivos de prazo e de custo, considerados grandes problemas na execução dessas obras. Do montante investido, cerca de 637 milhões representaram aditivos de custo, o que demostra o problema a ser enfrentado nessa área. Os dados deste trabalho englobam 2.178 obras divididas nas cinco regiões do país. Técnicas estatísticas, como a Análise de Variância de Kruskall-Wallis e o Teste U de Mann-Whitney, foram utilizadas para a análise e a inferência dos dados. Os principais fatores que levaram à celebração de aditivos foram as inclusões e/ou modificações de projetos e os acréscimos de serviços. Constatou-se que 69,05% das obras do setor não cumpriram o prazo e que 61,89% não terminam com o custo previsto. Nesse sentido, o estudo contribui para a avaliação das obras do setor público educacional em âmbito nacional, permitindo que as informações geradas sirvam para uma gestão mais eficiente nesse subsetor da construção.
Resumo A construção civil possui características peculiares, como baixa comunicação entre os projetistas e os responsáveis técnicos pela execução da obra, além de grande rotatividade de operários, o que gera dificuldades para implantação de uma cultura de segurança eficaz. O surgimento de tecnologias vem contribuindo para a melhoria da comunicação e segurança, um exemplo é o Building Information Modeling (BIM), que possibilita a modelagem computacional da obra, que oferece dados detalhados do seu andamento ainda na fase de projeto. Esta pesquisa objetiva realizar a modelagem de uma obra vertical de interesse social. A modelagem baseou-se nos padrões estabelecidos pela NR 18. Finalizada a modelagem, os resultados foram confrontados com o cenário real da obra objetivando avaliar incompatibilidades com o que se é exigido pela NR. Para a modelagem utilizou-se os softwares Revit, MS Project e Naviswork. Concluiu-se que a obra não atendia alguns aspectos exigidos pela NR, além de falta de projetos, erros de dimensionamento e problemas de execução. Quanto aos responsáveis técnicos pela obra, foi avaliado que o uso do BIM em sua obra poderia trazer benefícios para o seu trabalho e facilitar a tomada de decisões.
The delay in civil construction works is observed globally and affects the economy of countries. Therefore, identifying the causes of delays is of paramount importance to minimize their consequences. This paper aims at identifying the causes of delay in construction works and their analysis and existing correlations through statistical factor analysis. The research methodology included a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a Survey Research through questionnaires and interviews was conducted, as well as the identification of the main causes of delay through the Relative Importance Index (RIL) and the ABC Curve. Finally, factor analysis of the causes of delay was performed, not limiting only to their identification. The results showed that the 12 identified causes are correlated to 4 delay factors, which account for 69.18% of the sample variance: supply management (21.41%); workforce management (20,79%); project management (17.64%) and management of climatic conditions (9.34%). It is concluded hereby that the delay factors mentioned herein can be considered management deficiencies in the projects and that the research has expanded the knowledge on construction delays, thus contributing to the frontier of knowledge to mitigate this problem in several countries, especially developing ones.
The new Brazilian building performance standard is a landmark in terms of housing regulation in Brazil. Nevertheless, due to the standard recent release, it becomes essential to make its requirements compatible with users' needs. This work has the objective to evaluate the acoustic performance requirements of buildings based on the users' perceptions of acoustic comfort. In order to do this, field tests were performed and surveys were applied to the users. The results demonstrate that the requirements defined by the Brazilian norm are unsuitable to meet the users' necessities. The correlation analysed shows a clear perception of the habitants in relation to the transmitted noise through the slabs and walls. These unsatisfactory results concern the acoustic performance of impact noise between slabs, as well as internal and external walls, showing that construction companies must implement new solutions that can provide greater acoustic performance to achieve acoustic comfort to the users.
Resumo O crescimento da indústria da construção civil é de grande importância para a manutenção e sustentação da economia brasileira, mas essa indústria utiliza grande quantidade de recursos naturais e consequentemente gera grandes volumes de resíduos de construção civil (RCC). Esforços na minimização de RCC geralmente estão direcionados aos estágios de construção das obras, mas não ao estágio de projetos. Assim, a tecnologia BIM surge como uma importante ferramenta ao possibilitar uma melhor análise e controle da geração de resíduos. Este trabalho propõe um modelo BIM para estimar o RCC e o custo de retirada na fase de projeto, pois nela ainda são inexistentes ações visando estimar o resíduo a ser gerado em uma obra. Para isso, utilizaram-se etapas como a revisão sistemática da literatura, levantamento de índices de perdas e modelagem BIM. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que 10% dos RCC quantificados pertencem à classe B, e 90%, à classe A, sendo a argamassa o material com o maior potencial de desperdício, 56% da estimativa total. A modelagem através de dados estatísticos e indicadores pode contribuir na elaboração do plano de gerenciamento de resíduos de construção civil (PGRCC), aperfeiçoando, dessa forma, o planejamento, com redução do RCC.
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