SummaryBackground Rosacea is currently diagnosed by consensus-defined primary and secondary features and managed by subtype. However, individual features (phenotypes) can span multiple subtypes, which has implications for clinical practice and research. Adopting a phenotype-led approach may facilitate patient-centred management. Objectives To advance clinical practice by obtaining international consensus to establish a phenotype-led rosacea diagnosis and classification scheme with global representation. Methods Seventeen dermatologists and three ophthalmologists used a modified Delphi approach to reach consensus on statements pertaining to critical aspects of rosacea diagnosis, classification and severity evaluation. All voting was electronic and blinded. Results Consensus was achieved for transitioning to a phenotype-based approach to rosacea diagnosis and classification. The following two features were independently considered diagnostic for rosacea: (i) persistent, centrofacial erythema associated with periodic intensification; and (ii) phymatous changes. Flushing, telangiectasia, inflammatory lesions and ocular manifestations were not considered to be individually diagnostic. The panel reached agreement on dimensions for phenotype severity measures and established the importance of assessing the patient burden of rosacea. Conclusions The panel recommended an approach for diagnosis and classification of rosacea based on disease phenotype.

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Summary Background Rosacea is currently treated according to subtypes. As this does not adequately address the spectrum of clinical presentation (phenotypes), it has implications for patient management. The ROSacea COnsensus panel was established to address this issue. Objectives To incorporate current best treatment evidence with clinical experience from an international expert panel and establish consensus to improve outcomes for patients with rosacea. Methods Seventeen dermatologists and three ophthalmologists reached consensus on critical aspects of rosacea treatment and management using a modified Delphi approach. The panel voted on statements using the responses ‘strongly disagree’, ‘disagree’, ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’. Consensus was defined as ≥ 75% ‘agree’ or ‘strongly agree’. All voting was electronic and blinded. Results The panel agreed on phenotype‐based treatments for signs and symptoms presenting in individuals with rosacea. First‐line treatments were identified for individual major features of transient and persistent erythema, inflammatory papules/pustules, telangiectasia and phyma, underpinned by general skincare measures. Multiple features in an individual patient can be simultaneously treated with multiple agents. If treatment is inadequate given appropriate duration, another first‐line option or the addition of another first‐line agent should be considered. Maintenance treatment depends on treatment modality and patient preferences. Ophthalmological referral for all but the mildest ocular features should be considered. Lid hygiene and artificial tears in addition to medications are used to treat ocular rosacea. Conclusions Rosacea diagnosis and treatment should be based on clinical presentation. Consensus was achieved to support this approach for rosacea treatment strategies.

Background: Adapalene has been previously evaluated as a treatment for actinic keratosis (AK) and solar lentigines and shown to improve signs of photoaging. Objectives: To evaluate whether adapalene 0.3% gel is non-inferior to tretinoin 0.05% cream as treatment for photoaged skin. Materials & Methods: An investigator-blinded, parallel-group comparison study was conducted in Brazil. Subjects were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive, once daily, adapalene 0.3% gel or tretinoin 0.05% cream. Subjects were evaluated at Weeks 1,4,8,12,16,20 and 24, based on clinical signs of cutaneous photoaging, histopathological and digital morphometric findings, as well as safety and tolerability. Results: A comparison of clinical efficacy showed that both treatments did not differ significantly regarding clinical evaluation of the following criteria: global cutaneous photoaging, periorbital wrinkles, ephelides/melanosis, forehead wrinkles, and AK. Conclusion: Adapalene 0.3% gel showed non-inferior efficacy to tretinoin 0.05% cream as treatment for photoaged skin, with a similar safety profile. Adapalene 0.3% gel may therefore be considered a safe and effective option for the treatment of mild or moderate photoaging.

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The authors report the case of a 9 year-old female who had bleeding episodes around the mouth after strenuous exercise or prolonged exposure to heat. Characteristically, bleeding occurred right after sweat drops started appearing on the surface of the skin around the mouth. The bleeding episodes ceased spontaneously.

Background Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, relatively more frequent in women over 30 with a low phototype and proven genetic predisposition. Although its etiology is unknown and possibly multifactorial, the immunological abnormality, associated with neurovascular dysregulation and triggering factors, are important elements in its pathophysiology, which lead to the main changes of inflammation, vasodilation, and angiogenesis that are responsible for the clinical manifestations. Despite the lack of cure, numerous therapeutic options are available for the different clinical presentations of the disease, with satisfactory responses. Objective To reach a consensus, with recommendations from experts, on the therapeutic management of rosacea suitable to the Brazilian setting. Methods The study was conducted by five specialized dermatologists from university centers, representatives of the different Brazilian regions, with experience in rosacea, who were appointed by the Brazilian Society of Dermatology. Based on the adapted DELPHI methodology, the experts contributed through an updated bibliographic review of the scientific evidence, combined with personal experiences. Results The group of experts reached a consensus on the relevant aspects in the therapeutic management of rosacea, providing information on epidemiology, pathophysiology, triggering factors, clinical condition, classification, quality of life, and comorbidities. Consensus was defined as approval by at least 90% of the panel. Conclusion Despite the impossibility of cure, there are several therapeutic alternatives specific to each patient that provide excellent results, with chances of total improvement and long periods of remission, promoting a positive impact on quality of life. This consensus provides detailed guidance for clinical practice and therapeutic decisions in rosacea.

Goldenhar syndrome is a sporadic or inherited genetic syndrome characterized by limbal dermoids, preauricular skin tags and mandibular hypoplasia. Vertebral abnormalities may occur. The incidence of this syndrome ranges from 1 in 5,600 to 1 in >20,000 live births. It consists of abnormalities involving the first and second branchial arches. The etiology of the syndrome is heterogeneous. Diagnosis should be based principally on clinical aspects, which should be associated with the patient's systemic conditions and radiologic findings. Treatment depends on the patient's age and systemic manifestations, with a multidisciplinary approach often being required.