O aumento na densidade demográfica nos centros urbanos intensifica os efeitos da urbanização, ocasionando o aumento na temperatura, proporcionando desconforto térmico na população local. As praças e parques urbanos mostraram-se uma alternativa viável, possuindo um bom custo/benefício. Nas praças, as árvores são os principais componentes para a amenização da temperatura e aumento da umidade relativa do ar através de sua folhagem. Os diferentes tecidos que compõem a folha reagem de maneira diferente quanto a dinâmica de absorção da radiação solar, implicando em uma maior ou menor quantidade de radiação absorvida. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a contribuição da vegetação em praças para a manutenção do conforto térmico e como essa contribuição está relacionada à morfologia foliar. Foi medida a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar abaixo da copa e fora do limite de formação da copa de cinco espécies estabelecidas em praça de centro urbano. Foram coletadas folhas para análise morfológica e obtidos dados da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, imediatamente abaixo da copa e fora do limite de projeção da mesma na superfície do solo. Todas as espécies investigadas mostraram contribuição para um maior conforto térmico abaixo de sua copa, entretanto as que mais amenizaram a temperatura apresentaram maior área foliar específica, sendo mais eficaz na absorção de radiação solar, informando sobre a importância da arborização urbana na manutenção da qualidade de vida nas cidades.
Leaf photosynthesis and hydraulic traits are closely related to the maintenance of the plants, especially in tropical environments. There is scarce information about the xylem structure and hydraulic efficiency in tropical species, mainly considering the leaf. Environmental changes influence the species performance, conditioning differences of anatomical traits and functional efficiency of xylem cells related to the water flow inside the plant. The hydraulic conductivity and the theoretical leaf-specific conductivity allow estimating the xylem cells flow and inform about the efficiency of the water transport inside the plant. The relation among leaf biometry and anatomic/hydraulic characteristics of the xylem cells of leaves with different stages of growth, of five woody species from the tropical environment, was evaluated. Differences among leaves of different ages and species indicate to be responsible for the anatomical traits variations. The xylem hydraulic traits indicate a greater or smaller efficiency in leaves water transport and are related to the species. The hydraulic and structural differences indicate an adaptation to higher efficiency in water transport in leaves related to the prevailing environmental conditions during the leaf development.
Leaf photosynthesis and hydraulic traits are closely related to the maintenance of the plants, especially in tropical environments. There is scarce information about the xylem structure and hydraulic efficiency in tropical species, mainly considering the leaf. Environmental changes influence the species performance, conditioning differences of anatomical traits and functional efficiency of xylem cells related to the water flow inside the plant. The hydraulic conductivity and the theoretical leaf-specific conductivity allow estimating the xylem cells flow and inform about the efficiency of the water transport inside the plant. The relation among leaf biometry and anatomic/hydraulic characteristics of the xylem cells of leaves with different stages of growth, of five woody species from the tropical environment, was evaluated. Differences among leaves of different ages and species indicate to be responsible for the anatomical traits variations. The xylem hydraulic traits indicate a greater or smaller efficiency in leaves water transport and are related to the species. The hydraulic and structural differences indicate an adaptation to higher efficiency in water transport in leaves related to the prevailing environmental conditions during the leaf development.
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