The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of chemochemical methods (Carisolv™ and Papacárie®) versus the manual method (excavators) in reducing the cariogenic microbiota in dentine caries of primary teeth. Forty-six healthy children (5 to 9 years old) having at least one primary tooth with a cavitated dentine carious lesion were included in the study. The teeth presented no clinical or radiographic signs of pulpal involvement. The sample of 74 teeth was randomly divided into three different groups: Papacárie® (n = 25), Carisolv™ (n = 27) and Manual (n = 22). Samples of carious and sound dentine were collected with sterile excavators before and after caries removal in the three groups. The dentine samples were transferred to glass tubes containing a 1mL thioglycollate medium used as a carrier and enriched for microbiological detection of mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus spp, after incubation for 6h at room temperature. The minimum detection value for colony forming units (CFU) was 3.3 x 102 CFU/ml, and the results were converted into scores from 0 to 4. A significant difference was observed in relation to the microbiological scores before and after caries removal for all methods (Wilcoxon test; p < 0.001). The use of chemomechanical methods for caries removal did not improve the reduction of cariogenic microorganisms in dentine caries lesions, in comparison with manual excavation.

Periodontitis was considered a risk indicator for LBW in this sample, similar to other risk factors already recognized by obstetricians.

Dentists must be aware of the relationship between the child's age at the time of trauma to the predecessor tooth and the type of sequel to the successor tooth in order to diagnose, monitor, and treat the sequel properly.

A very rare case of bilateral supernumerary teeth in the maxillary canine region and its management through a 3-step-conservative approach and 5-year-follow up is presented in this report. A 7-year-old Caucasian boy presented with 2 erupted supernumerary primary maxillary canines (53s and 63s) and two unerupted supernumerary permanent maxillary canines (13s and 23s). The treatment was carried out in three steps. In the first step, we removed teeth 53s and 63s. As the second step, early removal of teeth 53 and 63 and cementation of a space maintenance appliance (Nance's arch) were performed. In the third step, teeth 13s and 23s were removed, and the Nance's arch was maintained until the complete eruption of teeth 13 and 23. The management of this case with a proper treatment plan enabled us to solve the problem without complex procedures.