Considering the wide variety of species and clones of Eucalyptus cultivated in Brazil, it is necessary to search for new information on wood properties, so that the selection of genetically superior material may be successful. The present study aimed to determine the properties of wood and charcoal from different clones of Eucalyptus spp. Six clones at the age of 7.5 years were evaluated and the samples were from a clonal, located in the city of Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Basic density, chemical composition, and higher heating value were determined. Carbonizations in a laboratory kiln were done and the levels of volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon, higher heating value, and bulk density of the charcoal produced were determined. Evaluated genetic materials showed differences in their properties. According to research results, several properties of wood should be considered together for the selection of clones for charcoal production. However, basic density and chemical composition of wood, especially high contents of lignin and low contents of extractives, are the properties that had more influence on charcoal yield and its quality. Concerning charcoal production for steelmaking, clone 6 stood out and, conversely, clone 4 showed inferior properties to those of others.

Gene therapy approaches to bone and periodontal tissue engineering are being widely explored. While localized delivery of osteogenic factors like BMPs is attractive for promotion of bone regeneration; method of delivery, dosage and side effects could limit this approach. A novel protein, Cementum Protein 1 (CEMP1), has recently been shown to promote regeneration of periodontal tissues. In order to address the possibility that CEMP1 can be used to regenerate other types of bone, experiments were designed to test the effect of hrCEMP1 in the repair/regeneration of a rat calvaria critical-size defect. Histological and microcomputed tomography (µCT) analyses of the calvaria defect sites treated with CEMP1 showed that after 16 weeks, hrCEMP1 is able to induce 97% regeneration of the defect. Furthermore, the density and characteristics of the new mineralized tissues were normal for bone. This study demonstrates that hrCEMP1 stimulates bone formation and regeneration and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of bone defects and regeneration of mineralized tissues.

RESUMO -As diferentes espécies de Eucalyptus são aptas para os mais diversos usos, sendo sua madeira amplamente empregada na geração de energia a partir da sua queima direta na forma de lenha ou da sua conversão em carvão vegetal. Além das propriedades da madeira, informações a respeito da estimativa de massa, carbono fixado e quantidade de energia disponível por área de plantio são importantes para a previsão da quantidade de produtos a ser gerada por material genético em dado local. Diante da importância que a matéria-prima, no caso a madeira, tem na produção de energia, este estudo objetivou, principalmente, estimar a massa, carbono e energia da madeira de três clones de Eucalyptus em diferentes locais, com o intuito de direcionar os clones que melhor se adaptam aos locais avaliados. Observou-se relação positiva entre incremento médio anual e acúmulo de massa de matéria seca de madeira, massa de carbono e energia. Não se verificou relação entre o local e a densidade, e não houve diferença significativa para poder calorífico superior entre os diferentes materiais. Os clones 1 e 3 apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento em Turmalina. Em Itacambira, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o clone 2.Palavras-chave: Produtividade, Energia e Propriedades da madeira. PROPERTIES OF WOOD AND ESTIMATES OF MASS AND ENERGY OF Eucalyptus CLONES FROM DIFFERENT SITES

No abstract

ResumoObjetivou-se realizar a caracterização energética de espécies de eucalipto para a produção de carvão vegetal. As espécies utilizadas foram Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus pellita e Eucalyptus botryoides. Avaliou-se o poder calorífico, densidades básica e energética, o rendimento gravimétrico e a análise química imediata do carvão vegetal. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições. A unidade experimental foi a tora, em que coletou-se discos com 5 cm de espessura, localizados à 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura total da árvore. As carbonizações foram realizadas em forno elétrico com temperatura final de 380 ºC. Realizou-se a ANOVA, teste Tukey e correlação segundo Pearson, todos a 5,0% de probabilidade. O poder calorífico da madeira e o rendimento não se diferiram significativamente entre as espécies em estudo. Os rendimentos médios encontrados foram de 39,65% em carvão e 21,06% em gases não condensáveis. O Eucalyptus robusta apresentou características energéticas semelhantes ao híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, exceto pelas densidades, que naquele foram superiores. A densidade energética da madeira aumentou proporcionalmente à densidade básica, sendo que, a madeira mais densa apresentou maior quantidade de energia disponível. Conclui-se que, as características potenciais (PCS, Db e De) na produção de carvão vegetal foram evidenciadas em todas as espécies, no entanto, o Eucalyptus robusta foi a espécie mais promissora para fins energéticos para ser utilizada como biorredutor. Palavras-chave: Biomassa; carvão vegetal; Fonte renovável. AbstractEnergy characterization of different species of Eucalyptus. This study aimed to carry out energy characterization of Eucalyptus species for charcoal production. The species used were Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus pellita and Eucalyptus botryoides. The calorific value, basic and energetic densities, gravimetric yield and the immediate chemical analysis of charcoal were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental unit was the log, where 5 cm thick discs were collected at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the total height of the tree. The carbonization were carried out in an electric furnace with a final temperature of 380°C. Were evaluated the calorific power, basic and energy densities, yields of carbonization and chemical analysis. Were realized ANOVA, Tukey test and Pearson correlation, all at 5.0% probability. Calorific power of the wood and the carbonization yields did not differ significantly between the species under study. The average yields were 39.65% in coal and 21.06% in non-condensable gases. Eucalyptus robusta showed characteristics similar to the hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, except for densities that were higher in first. The energy density of wood increases with increasing density, ...

The study aimed to describe the experience of the Group for Study and Research on Men and Health, Federal University of Paraíba, as it developed health education activities during the first State Week of Attention to Men's Health, held at the institution's Center for Health Sciences, in order to contribute to the implementation of the National Policy for Integral Attention to Men's Health. During this process, important self-care deficits were discovered in this clientele, which have implications for determining the high rates of morbidity and mortality in men, demanding concrete actions and effective managers, professionals and education institutions, aiming at more effective inclusion this population segment in the services of Primary Health Care.

Lignin, a renewable product with high potential for various applications, can be recovered from kraft black liquor by precipitation in acid medium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of kraft lignin to wood biomass on the properties of briquettes. Hymenolobium petraeum, Eucalyptus, and Pinus biomasses received the addition of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 % (w/w) of kraft lignin, and briquettes were manufactured. Wood biomasses and briquettes were characterized chemically and physically. Addition of kraft lignin positively influenced the apparent density, energy density, and mechanical resistance of briquettes. Furthermore, kraft lignin increased the calorific value of briquettes. Addition of 6 % (w/w) of kraft lignin was sufficient to improve the quality properties of briquettes, which demonstrates the great potential of kraft lignin as an additive in briquette production.

5 RESUMOO presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as modificações anatômicas que ocorrem com a carbonização da madeira e determinar as propriedades anatômicas, densidade básica da madeira e densidade aparente do carvão vegetal de clones de Eucalyptus, além de elucidar as possíveis correlações significativas existentes. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura foi efetuada nas seções transversal, longitudinal tangencial e longitudinal radial da madeira e do carvão vegetal. Neste, foi feita a análise morfológica dos poros e densidade aparente. De uma forma geral, as características anatômicas como forma de poros, raios e fibras da madeira apresentaram pouca ou nenhuma modificação devido à carbonização, e a superfície do carvão apresentou estruturas bem definidas. As modificações nos elementos celulares da madeira foram principalmente referentes aos parâmetros quantitativos, como espessura da parede das fibras e diâmetro dos poros. Os clones avaliados apresentaram densidade básica da madeira satisfatória para a produção de carvão vegetal. Os parâmetros anatômicos correlacionaram-se significativamente com a densidade básica da madeira e densidade aparente do carvão vegetal, destacando-se, neste estudo, a fração parede das fibras. Palavras-chave: microscopia eletrônica de varredura; anatomia da madeira; carbonização; alterações microscópicas. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the anatomical changes that occur with charred wood and determine the anatomical properties, basic wood density and apparent density of charcoal Eucalyptus clones, besides elucidating the possible existing significant correlations. The scanning electron microscopy was performed in the transverse, longitudinal and tangential longitudinal and radial wood charcoal sections. In the morphological analysis of the pores and the apparent density was made. In general, the anatomical features such as pore radius and the wood fibers showed little or no change due to carbonization of coal surface and showed well defined structures. The changes in cellular elements of wood were mainly related to the quantitative parameters such as wall thickness and pore diameter fibers. The clones showed satisfactory