Increasing public interest in science information in a digital and 2.0 science era promotes a dramatically, rapid and deep change in science itself. The emergence and expansion of new technologies and internet-based tools is leading to new means to improve scientific methodology and communication, assessment, promotion and certification. It allows methods of acquisition, manipulation and storage, generating vast quantities of data that can further facilitate the research process. It also improves access to scientific results through information sharing and discussion. Content previously restricted only to specialists is now available to a wider audience. This context requires new management systems to make scientific knowledge more accessible and useable, including new measures to evaluate the reach of scientific information. The new science and research quality measures are strongly related to the new online technologies and services based in social media. Tools such as blogs, social bookmarks and online reference managers, Twitter and others offer alternative, transparent and more comprehensive information about the active interest, usage and reach of scientific publications. Another of these new filters is the Research Blogging platform, which was created in 2007 and now has over 1,230 active blogs, with over 26,960 entries posted about peer-reviewed research on subjects ranging from Anthropology to Zoology. This study takes a closer look at RB, in order to get insights into its contribution to the rapidly changing landscape of scientific communication.
The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of dredging performed in a marginal wetland colonized by aquatic macrophytes on eutrophication of the adjacent shallow tropical lake (Imboassica Lake, Brazil). The river mouth of the Imboassica River that drains into Imboassica Lake had been densely colonized by aquatic vegetation dominated by Typha domingensis (Pers.) when it was dredged. Total and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were measured monthly over 13 years at four stations in the Imboassica river-lake system. Dredging activities reduced phosphorus and nitrogen retention at the river mouth and subsequently increased these nutrient stocks in the lake waters. Nutrient retention by non-dredged wetland was estimated to be ca. ) for phosphorus. Our whole-lake approach suggested that dredging might intensify rather than mitigate eutrophication in shallow tropical lakes when the removal of aquatic macrophytes is coupled to the persistence of anthropogenic nutrient inputs from the watershed.
resuMOo ciclo do fósforo é um dos ciclos biogeoquímicos que mais sofreu alterações nas últimas décadas devido a forte ação antrópica, sendo os efluentes domésticos os principais responsáveis neste processo. A discussão do papel das macrófitas emersas como mediadoras de um transporte líquido de fósforo do sedimento para a coluna d'água ('Bomba de fósforo') ou como um sumidouro deste elemento torna-se relevante para o entendimento do ciclo fósforo em ecossistemas aquáticos. O objetivo principal desta revisão é discutir os principais mecanismos responsáveis pela transferência de fósforo em macrófitas emersas e suas conseqüências para o ciclo do fósforo em lagos rasos. Palavras-chave: Macrófitas aquáticas emersas, fósforo, lagos rasos. ABSTRACTthe rOle Of eMergent aquatic MacrOPhytes in the PhOsPhOrus cycle Of shallOw lakes. the phosphorus cycle is one of the biogeochemical cycles that has been more altered in the last decades due to strong antropic activity, being domestic sewage the main responsible in this process. the discussion of the emergent macrophytes role as mediators of a net transport of phosphorus from sediment to the water column ('Phosphorus pump') or as net sinks of phosphorus becomes relevant for the phosphorus cycle understanding in aquatic ecosystems. the aim of this review is to discuss the main responsible mechanisms for phosphorus transference in emergent macrophytes and its consequences to the phosphorus cycle in shallow lakes. keywords: Emergent aquatic macrophytes, phosphorus, shallow lakes. cOnsiderações iniciaisos lagos constituem ecossistemas bem distribuídos na superfície terrestre (Downing et al. 2006), sendo reconhecidos como importantes ambientes de acumulação de matéria orgânica e inorgânica, devido a sua freqüente posição terminal na bacia de drenagem (Lennon 2004). A matéria inorgânica que limita a atividade biológica possui a denominação genérica de nutriente. Dessa forma, o escoamento superficial e subsuperficial, que resulta em um enriquecimento de nutrientes (eutrofização) nos lagos, é considerado pela literatura clássica um processo natural que influencia intensamente a biota e a própria sucessão ecológica (Lindeman 1942). no entanto, as atividades humanas também podem contribuir fortemente para a eutrofização dos lagos, trazendo resultados mais drásticos e em menor escala de tempo.
ResumoÉ crescente no Brasil a preocupação com Educação em Ciência e são inúmeras as iniciativas que utilizam tecnologias educacionais nesse contexto. Entretanto, muito ainda se discute sobre as melhores formas de usar essas tecnologias na educação em ciência. Diante disso, apresentamos uma introdução sobre alguns termos relacionados à educação em ciência e um pouco sobre a importância e a necessidade da formação da consciência científica para o exercício pleno da cidadania. Seguimos definindo o que são as "novas" tecnologias e finalizamos exemplificando formas de uso desta tecnologia para a educação em ciência. Palavras-chave:Educação em ciência, alfabetização científica, divulgação científica, novas tecnologias. AbstrAct The concern in Brazil with
RESUMOFrente à megadiversidade brasileira, pode-se qualificar como ainda tímida a contribuição de pesquisadores do país na geração de novas hipóteses e teorias ecológicas, o que talvez seja uma das principais razões pela qual tenhamos avançado menos do que potencialmente poderíamos. Em face a esta realidade, o I Simpósio de Ecologia Teórica (I SET) ABSTRACT EXTENDING THE DISCUSSION ABOUT NEOTROPICAL ECOLOGY.In face of the Brazilian megadiversity, the contribution of Brazilian researchers to the conception of new hypotheses and theories in ecology can still be considered as shy, and this may be one of the main reasons why we have advanced less than we potentially could. In consequence of this reality, the 1 st Symposium on Ecological Theory (I SET) took place at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in 2004, aiming to stimulate the concept of new theories by Brazilian ecologists. In 2006, the 2 nd Symposium on Ecological Theory (II SET) took place at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, organized by the Pos Graduation Program in Ecology (PPGE/UFRJ), aiming to give continuity to the fist event, through the discussion of various hypotheses and theories that compose the mosaic of traditional ecology, with emphasis on tropical systems. This article presents a historical perspective of this event and the themes discussed during the event written in a resumed form. Key-Words: Theorical ecology, Tropical ecosystems, Knowledge production, Hypothesis, Theories. INTRODUÇÃOA ciência na América do Sul tem suas raízes nas culturas de coleta e registro de informações dos povos pré-colombianos, embora, uma ciência que pudesse ser considerada genuinamente latino-americana, só tenha nascido quando as práticas científicas européias, introduzidas pelos colonizadores e conquistadores "Eu penso que a Ecologia tradicional está se decompondo em um mosaico de hipóteses, umas interessantes outras não; algumas contraditórias, incluindo algumas frívolas. Enquanto a maior parte das ciências pretendeu aprofundar seus fundamentos, a Ecologia encheu-se de conceitos, hipóteses e raramente de teorias. Um ecólogo a moda antiga lamenta a falta de uma super-estrutura teórica comum, também lamenta a progressiva desvalorização de um ponto de vista naturalista." Margalef (1976)
Short-term spatial and temporal heterogeneity of oxygen dynamics and net primary production were studied in a tree day diurnal variation at a tidal tropical salt flat in the estuarine system of Sepetiba/Guaratiba coastal plain, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Oxygen concentrations were measured in situ with high temporal and spatial resolution oxygen microsensors. The results showed a remarkable heterogeneity of both oxygen penetration depth (from 0.18 to 0.85 cm) and net primary production (from -0.085 to 0.115 lmol O 2 cm -2 s -1 ) at different stations and sampling periods. Fast variations in abiotic factors like salinity and light due to the variable rainy weather were possibly the drivers of the high heterogeneity. In conclusion, short-term temporal changes could have a remarkable influence in sediment microalgae primary production. Not considering these changes can lead to wrong conclusions concerning the role and importance of sediment microalgae on tidal salt flats.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Here we report a time series of experiments performed in a microcosm to test the response of hypersaline microbial mats to diverse atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. Different from most part of the literature, our study used a sample chamber were carbon dioxide concentration was controlled. Our aim was to test the effect of different atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> conditions in benthic gross and net primary production, and respiration. This study showed for the first time to our knowledge absolute carbon limitation in a microbial mat. Oxygen concentration profile varied from a flattened shape to almost linear when atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at the chamber reached 0 ppm, with NPP reaching 0 nmol cm<sup>&minus;3</sup> s<sup>&minus;1</sup> throughout most part of the profile. In this conditions sediment community respiration represented 100% of GPP. Extreme close coupling between primary production and respiration in microbial mats can be even self-sustainable in environments with temporally no atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> available. When submitted to even high CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (550 ppm), our sample showed a characteristic shape that indicate limitation composed by a more rectilinear oxygen profile, and NPP peaks mainly restricted to deeper layers. Therefore, we suggest that phototrophic communities in aquatic shallow ecosystems can be carbon limited. This limitation could be common especially in ecosystems submitted to variable water depth conditions, like coastal lagoons and intertidal sediments.</p>
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