To handle the increasing caseload, the judicial systems of several countries have adopted three main strategies: changing norms and judicial procedures; investing in information and communication technologies; and hiring additional judicial staff. This paper investigates the impact of this third strategy on the performance of Brazilian courts. We use multiple regression analysis to test an array of related hypotheses about the complex interactions between the number of judicial staff and court productivity. The empirical research uses ten-year (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) data from 27 Brazilian courts. The main findings indicate that the number of judicial assistants has a positive influence on court productivity, and the number of assistants mitigates the positive relationship between court caseload and court productivity. The results are discussed and further studies are suggested.
A administração da Justiça brasileira enfrenta dificuldades crônicas de acessibilidade da população de menor renda à Justiça, de morosidade e de baixa eficácia das deliberações judiciais. O presente estudo busca contribuir para o exame de soluções para tais dificuldades, tendo como objetivos identificar dimensões relacionadas ao conceito de governança judicial estudadas em pesquisas empíricas recentes e discutir como tais dimensões podem influenciar o desempenho do sistema judicial brasileiro. As seguintes dimensões foram identificadas: independência judicial; accountability; acessibilidade à Justiça; estrutura do Poder Judiciário; recursos estratégicos do Poder Judiciário; e desempenho do sistema judicial. Ante a escassez de estudos empíricos sobre gestão do judiciário em geral e do Brasil em particular, foram formuladas propostas de pesquisas para avaliar, entre outros aspectos: (a) a influência do desenvolvimento dos recursos estratégicos no desempenho do Poder Judiciário; e (b) o impacto, na diminuição da corrupção do sistema judicial brasileiro, do aumento da independência judicial e da garantia de que os juízes sejam accountables perante a sociedade.
Governança judicial é um conceito multifacetado, pouco explorado na literatura, e são raros os estudos desse tema com dados empíricos que analisem as variáveis que o influenciam. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor um modelo teórico-metodológico de governança judicial, cuja aplicação futura permita a coleta de dados para descrever e avaliar a validade da relação entre os construtos e variáveis que o compõem em cada contexto. Premissas da teoria da agência e da teoria de custos de transação, dirigidas originalmente para empresas, foram transpostas para elaboração do modelo. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados incluíram análise documental e realização de 10 entrevistas. O modelo proposto inclui a sistematização de sete construtos teóricos - accountability; acessibilidade; independência; recursos e estrutura; práticas de governança; ambiente institucional; desempenho - e variáveis componentes desses construtos.
ResumoA gestão do acervo de processos pendentes em tribunais é essencial para garantir que os processos serão julgados de maneira célere, e isso depende de como juízes e assistentes administrativos lidam com suas cargas de trabalho. Resultados de diversos estudos indicam que um aumento no acervo de tribunais tende a gerar um aumento na produção judicial dos juízes. Entretanto alguns autores apontam que essa relação é mais complexa do que aparenta. No intuito de desenvolver um entendimento mais aprofundado dessa relação, é testado, neste trabalho, um conjunto de hipóteses diretas e de moderação. Foram utilizados dados secundários referentes a 566 juízes que trabalham em varas de primeira instância da Justiça Estadual de São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados indicam uma relação direta e positiva entre o acervo da vara e a produção dos juízes, mas a força dessa relação varia de acordo com a especialidade da vara. Os resultados também mostram que a quantidade de assistentes administrativos, a experiência e os locais em que o juiz atua moderam a relação entre acervo e produção judicial. Os resultados contribuem para o desenvolvimento de estratégias gerenciais a fim de enfrentar o congestionamento de tribunais brasileiros.Palavras-chave: judiciário; gestão de tribunais; juízes; produção; acervo. AbstractCourt caseload management is of key importance for guaranteeing the adjudication of cases and depends on how judges and administrative assistants deal with their workload. Results from several studies indicate that an increase in court caseload tends to generate an increase in the judge's production. However, some authors argue that this relationship is far more complex. To develop a fuller understanding of this relationship we tested an array of direct and moderating hypotheses. We used secondary data from 566 judges working in first trial courts in the State Justice System of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The results indicate a direct and positive relationship between court caseload and judge production, but the strength of this relationship depends on court specialty. The findings also indicate that the number of administrative assistants, judge experience and the number of places a judge works all moderate the caseload-production relationship. The results contribute to the development of strategies to address the delays and congestion of courts, two of the main Brazilian Judiciary problems.
The aim of this study was to test an exploratory contribution of a model for the relationship between strategic resonance (SR) and innovation in public security services (IPSS), with the construction of two scales. The subject of this analysis are the Federal District Military Police (PMDF) and Community Security Stations (CSSs). The model for the relationship was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) of innovation in public security services (IPSS) and strategic resonance (SR) explanatory variables. The results show that the structural relationships postulated between the variables are corroborated by the global sample analyses, obtaining evidence of scale validation. We concluded that the CSSs are an IPSS, where we observed that policing is linked to interactions between the population and PMDF in a relationship comprising the human, structural and operational characteristics of the service. The main contributions of this research are the proposal of a relationship between SR and IPSS and the development and validation of two scales that measure these two constructs.
The Public Defenders' Office is responsible for providing access to justice for vuln erable citizens. This agency needs to adopt good governance standards to achieve good performance. Although socially important, governance in this type of organization has been little studied. Aiming to fill that gap, this paper identifies and discusses standards of good governance in the Brazilian Federal Public Defenders' Office, as well as relationships between its dimensions and variables. The research included 14 in-depth interviews and building and validating a questionnaire to measure the perceptions of governance in that agency. The results show four factors of governance: Control and Accountability, Social Participation, Strategic Resources, and Access to Justice. It was observed that public defenders and administrative staff do not perceive control mechanisms to be part of governance, perceive little or no social participation in decision-making processes, and perceive that some working conditions and actions to develop the Public Defenders' Office personnel are absent. This study contributes to the advancement of the literature on the administration of justice, proposes a Public Defenders' Governance Scale, and reflects on the relationship between performance, access to justice and other dimensions of governance. Public Defenders' Office, as well as relationships between its dimensions and variables. This study contributes to the advancement of literature on the administration of justice, which generally has a greater focus on courts and neglects other organizations in the justice system. It also proposes a governance scale by way of a questionnaire that can be useful to researchers and practitioners alike in assessing the management of public defense bodies. Additionally, underlying the discussion on governance, this article reflects on the relationships between performance, understood here as access to justice and other dimensions of governance. Public GovernanceThe concept of governance comes from several theoretical approaches. The Agency and Transaction Costs theories and the approach of stakeholders form the basis for this concept. Similarly, the multilevel governance and policy networks approaches provide support for understanding public governance. From this perspective, governance refers to the management of relationships among several stakeholders as a means to solve conflicts that could threaten to divert the mutual gains of stakeholders. 3 Another view of the concept of governance is related to a way of governing, moving from a hierarchical model to a more cooperative form, that can include several state and non-state stakeholders. These two meanings of governance deal with stakeholder relationships and the mechanisms used to manage such relationships. However, while the first concept is more related to the scope of private relations, the latter generally falls within the scope of the state, where public governance is exercised.Public governance involves actions related to the decision-making process, the f...
Public Defender's Office is responsible for providing access to justice for vulnerable citizens. This agency needs to adopt good governance standards to operate lawfully and responsibly, be accountable, and achieve effective performance. Although socially important, governance in this type of organization has been little studied.This paper identifies and discusses standards of good governance and the relationships between its dimensions and variables at the Federal Public Defender's Office. The research includes the building and validation of a questionnaire to measure the perceptions of governance, which was used to conduct 14 in depth interviews at the Federal Public Defender's Office. The results show four factors of governance: Control and Accountability, Social Participation, Strategic Resources and Access to Justice. There were three main observations from this research 1. The public defenders and agency administration staff do not perceive control mechanisms to be part of governance, 2. There is little or no social participation in decision-making processes, and 3. Some working conditions and actions to develop the Public Defenders' Office personnel are absent.This study contributes to the advancement of literature on the administration of justice, proposes a Governance Scale for the Federal Public Defender's Office, and reflects on the relationship between performance, access to justice and other dimensions of governance.
This exploratory, nationwide cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the well-being of Portuguese nutritionists, in addition to outlining their professional and demographic profile. Descriptive analyses were carried out to determine the measures relating to centralising tendency and dispersion of the sample. We compared means and proportions through t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The sample size was 206 individuals, respecting a minimum of eight respondents per item to validate the instrument. We recruited Nutritionists from Portugal nationwide using the list of electronic mail provided by the Order of Nutritionists. We sent an electronic mail to all the Nutritionists registered in this Order. We also used messaging applications and social networks (Instagram, Facebook) to reach Nutritionists who were not accessing electronic mail. Most respondents are women (92.5%), young (mean age = 31.4 ± 8.07 years; 54.2% of participants aging under 30 years), single, and with no children. More than half are Catholic (73.8%) and have less than ten years of nutritionist undergraduate completion (55.4%). The only variable that influences well-being at work is the economic variable Household Monthly Income. Those who earn less than €500.00 per month perceive themselves at a lesser state of work well-being than those who earn from €2501.00 to €5000.00 per month.
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