This paper presents the findings of a systematic review of scholarly publications that report empirical findings from studies of environmentally-related international migration. There exists a small, but growing accumulation of empirical studies that consider environmentally-linked migration that spans international borders. These studies provide useful evidence for scholars and policymakers in understanding how environmental factors interact with political, economic and social factors to influence migration behavior and outcomes that are specific to international movements of people, in highlighting promising future research directions, and in raising important considerations for international policymaking. Our review identifies countries of migrant origin and destination that have so far been the subject of empirical research, the environmental factors believed to have influenced these migrations, the interactions of environmental and non-environmental factors as well as the role of context in influencing migration behavior, and the types of methods used by researchers. In reporting our findings, we identify the strengths and challenges associated with the main empirical approaches, highlight significant gaps and future opportunities for empirical work, and contribute to advancing understanding of environmental influences on international migration more generally. Specifically, we propose an exploratory framework to take into account the role of context in shaping environmental migration across borders, including the dynamic and complex interactions between environmental and non-environmental factors at a range of scales.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11111-014-0210-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

In this paper we argue that nonprofit, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) constitute crucial sites at which welfare state restructuring and neoliberalism are enacted and materialised in everyday life practices. This paper responds to recent calls from geographers to move to finer scales of analysis that enrich our understanding about the geographies of welfare state restructuring and neoliberalism. Our response is based on case-study research of NGOs that provide social services to migrants in Minneapolis-St Paul, USA, and Toronto, Canada. We draw on the concept of ‘translation’ to show the agency of NGOs in articulating macroscale programmes of governance into concrete regulations that govern the conduct of everyday life. The case studies demonstrate the usefulness of seeing NGOs as translation mechanisms to current debates about the role of NGOs amidst welfare state restructuring and the rise of neoliberalism.

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The Canadian Hispanic Day Parade] is a way of giving a blow to the government, of saying Latin Americans are doing ... something. The community is at a low level and the government is not listening. But with the parade and the participation of local politicians, the government is forced to pay attention ... . They see that the parade is well organized and this goes against the ... negative images that the government has about Latin Americans.'' Joe Nu¨n ¬ ez, president of the Canadian Hispanic Day Parade Committee (interview

This paper examines the challenges migrant groups that are new and internally diverse face to participate and build community in host societies today. Qualitative research findings on Latin American migrants' experiences in Toronto, Canada, reveal that the group's participation is the result of a complexity of social and spatial processes. The paper contributes to current debates on the study of immigrant integration in three ways: (1) by focusing on immigrants' collective forms of organising, (2) by responding to ongoing calls for a closer examination of intra-group diversity, and (3) by drawing on transnationalism research to avoid the use of essentialising categories in the study of immigrant groups that are internally diverse.Résumé Cet article examine les défis auxquels font face les nouveaux groupes migrants caractérisés par une diversité interne pour participer et développer une conscience communautaire dans les sociétés d'accueil d'aujourd'hui. Les résultats d'une recherche qualitative portant sur les expériences de migrants latino-américains à Toronto, au Canada, ont indiqué que la participation du groupe a pour origine des processus sociaux et spatiaux complexes. La contribution de cet article aux débats actuels sur l'étude de l'intégration des immigrants s'établit de trois façons: (1) en se concentrant sur les formes collectives d'organisation des immigrants; (2) en réagissant aux demandes continues pour un examen soigneux de la diversité intragroupe; et (3) en puisant dans la recherche sur le transnationalisme pour éviter, dans le contexte d'une étude sur les groupes d'immigrants caractérisés par une diversité interne, d'employer des catégories qui réduisent à l'essentiel

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Key Messages• The success of Canada's Syrian Refugee Resettlement Initiative in Ontario depended upon extensive local community stakeholder involvement. • Local immigration partnerships (LIPs) in three research sites played an important role in the resettlement initiative, despite intersectoral and intergovernmental communication challenges. • LIPs represent key elements of place-based policy for immigrant and refugee settlement, including the relevance of geographical and institutional context and the incorporation of local knowledge.We examine Canada's recent Syrian Refugee Resettlement Initiative (SRRI) paying close attention to the resettlement role played by mid-sized urban communities. We elaborate on a key policy dimension at work at this scale of action: local immigration partnerships (LIPs). We start with a very brief review of Canada's history of mass refugee resettlement. Second, we assess the policy of LIPs, particularly how they have been presented as a form of "place-based policy," and third, we offer an overview of the role the LIPs played in three case study communities (Hamilton, Ottawa, and Waterloo) during the SRRI. Finally, we present three overarching themes that emerged from our research in each of these communities: the importance of each community's history of immigration and refugee resettlement; the embeddedness of the LIP and its leadership in the local community; and how the positioning of each LIP relative to the three levels of government and its official Resettlement Assistance Program agreement holders impacted its ability to act. The history, location, and place characteristics of each community influenced the nature of intersectoral and intergovernmental relations in distinctive ways, and differentially shaped the effectiveness of each LIP's ability to contribute to the SRRI.

Key Messages• The work of the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership provided a foundation for local community mobilizing and organizing during Canada's Syrian Refugee Resettlement Initiative in 2015-2016. • Place-based approaches that are attentive to local context and institutional dynamics can provide more nuanced theorizations of Canada's settlement sector and its capacity to pro-actively respond and adapt to neoliberal state restructuring and austerity agendas. • Non-profit sector partnerships rooted in local networks of support, solidarity, and trust can be used as effective place-based strategies and creative alternatives to neoliberal state austerity.This paper examines the role of the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership in the Syrian refugee resettlement in Canada's national capital following the federal government's 2015-2016 resettlement plan. Based on the findings of qualitative data collection-including semi-structured interviews with representatives from community organizations, settlement agencies, and the City of Ottawa-two main arguments are advanced. First, while the current literature tends to portray the Canadian settlement sector as a passive victim in the face of neoliberal restructuring and austerity measures, this paper offers a more nuanced perspective by reflecting on the sector's ability to exert agency by developing initiatives and devising strategies that are rooted in the local context. Second, the case of the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership sheds light on the significance of intersectoral networks and partnerships that extend beyond the settlement sector to build a sound approach for welcoming refugees and newcomers more generally.These findings serve to demonstrate the potential of partnerships as a place-based settlement model that is responsive to context-specific needs and enhances local community strengths, thus providing important lessons that can inform future immigrant and refugee (re)settlement and integration in other Canadian cities and regions.Keywords: local immigration partnerships, refugee resettlement, non-profit and voluntary sector, intersectoral networks, place-based settlement model La création de partenariats intersectoriels comme stratégie territoriale en faveur de la (ré) installation des immigrants et des réfugiés : le cas du Partenariat local pour l'immigration d'Ottawa Le présent texte s'intéresse au rôle du Partenariat local pour l'immigration d'Ottawa dans le cadre de la réinstallation de réfugiés syriens dans la capitale nationale canadienne, à la suite de l'adoption du Plan de réinstallation 2015-2016 du gouvernement fédéral. Utilisant les résultats d'une collecte de données qualitatives, notamment des entrevues semi-structurées avec des représentants d'organisations The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 2019, 63(3): 391-404 communautaires, d'organismes d'établissement et de la Ville d'Ottawa, deux principaux constats sont discutés. Premièrement, bien que les études existantes aient tendance à décrire le secteur d'établissement comme une v...