Objective.To explore the role of smoking and obesity in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).Methods.Olmsted County (Minnesota, USA) residents (n = 106) diagnosed with pSS from 2000 to 2015 were compared to 3 controls without pSS and matched for age and sex who were randomly selected from Olmsted County residents.Results.Current smokers were less likely to be pSS cases (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.85), while there was no association between former smoking and case/control status (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.80–2.03) compared to never smokers. Smoking status was not associated with antinuclear antibody, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, or rheumatoid factor positivity (p > 0.05). OR for obesity was 0.79 (95% CI 0.48–1.30).Conclusion.In this population-based study, current smoking was inversely associated with case/control status, while body mass index lacked any association.
The first national prevalence rate of PNs in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases was provided: 30.5%. No comparative data were found in the international bibliography. Sensory-motor polyneuropathy was the most frequently observed form of PN, followed by mononeuritis multiplex. The NPs appeared with the same frequency both at the onset and during the course of the diseases under study; these predominated at the onset of vasculitis and primary Sjögren syndrome. The compromise of the peripheral nervous system is underdiagnosed.
ObjectiveTo determine rates and primary discharge diagnoses of hospitalisation in a cohort of patients with incident primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) compared with the general population.MethodsThis was a retrospective population-based cohort study focused on Olmsted County, Minnesota. The pSS cohort consisted of patients with incident pSS in the 1976–2015 period and was compared with a cohort of individuals without pSS matched 3:1 for age, sex and calendar year, randomly selected from the same population. Hospitalisations in 1995–2016 were examined. Discharge diagnoses were categorised using the Clinical Classifications Software for International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification.ResultsA total of 385 hospitalisations occurred in the 160 patients with pSS during 1592 person-years of follow-up. Among 466 comparators, there were 899 hospitalisations during 4660 person-years of follow-up, resulting in a significantly higher rate of hospitalisations in patients with pSS (rate ratio (RR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.41). Rates of hospitalisation were increased among patients with pSS for endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.98), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.05) and for injuries and poisoning (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.06). While not significantly increased overall, hospitalisations for diseases of the circulatory system were significantly increased in patients with pSS aged ≥75 years (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.11).ConclusionsPatients with pSS experienced higher rates of hospitalisation than the general population. Hospitalisations for endocrine/metabolic disorders, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders, and injuries were more common among patients with pSS than comparators.
ObjectivesCigarette smoking and obesity have been identified as risk factors for developing several autoimmune diseases, and may be protective for others. This study explored the role of these risk factors in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).MethodsA cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota residents diagnosed with pSS between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015 was identified based on individual medical record review. Each of the cases was matched to 3 age- and sex-matched comparators without pSS randomly selected from Olmsted County residents, indexed to the date of pSS diagnosis. Smoking status was divided into three categories of current smoker, ex-smoker and never smoker. The body weight and height closest to date of diagnosis/index date (±1 year) were used. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥30/kg/m2.Results106 incident cases of pSS and 318 controls were identified. The odds ratio (OR) of pSS comparing current smokers with never smokers was 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14, 0.85; p<0.05), while the OR for former smokers compared to never smokers was 1.27 (95% CI, 0.80, 2.03). Smoking status was not associated with antinuclear antibody, anti-SSA, anti-SSB or rheumatoid factor positivity (p>0.05). The OR of pSS comparing obese subjects with non-obese subjects was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.48, 1.30), while the OR of pSS for BMI analysed as a continuous variable was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94, 1.01).ConclusionsIn this population-based study, current smokers have a lower risk of developing pSS while BMI does not affect this risk.Disclosure of InterestNone declared
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