Morphologic comparison between fetal uterus and adult uterus in the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and the llama (Lama glama) RESUMEN Objetivos: Comparar los aspectos morfológicos del tracto genital fetal y adulto de la alpaca y la llama. Material y métodos: se realizó el estudio anatómico del útero de cinco fetos de llama y cinco fetos de alpaca, ambos de tercer tercio de gestación, once úteros de alpacas adultas y cinco úteros de llamasadultas. Las muestras de útero se estudiaron por observación anatómica y morfometría. Resultados: Mediante los estudios morfométricos se pudo observar que existía diferencia significativa en el tamaño de ambos cuernos uterinosa favor del lado izquierdo. La relación existente entre el cuerno uterino derecho y el cuerno uterino izquierdo en la alpaca adulta es de 0,79 y en la llama adulta la razón de las medidas es mayor, 0,85 para la longitud y 0,87 para el ancho. En los úteros fetales tanto en llama como en alpaca, se observó que existía diferencia significativa entre el tamaño del cuerno uterino izquierdo y el cuerno uterino derecho a favor del lado izquierdo. Conclusiones:Se concluye que existe similitud entre la forma del útero en los fetos de llama y alpaca en relación al útero de la correspondiente hembra adulta. SUMMARY Objectives: Made a morphologic comparison between fetal uterus and adult uterus in the alpaca and the llama. Material and methods: it was performed anatomical study of five fetal uteri of lama and alpaca, eleven adult alpacas and five lamas uteri. Uterus samples were studied by anatomical observation and morphometry. Results: The results showed that all the samples of adult females had greater development of the left uterine horn. By morphometric studies it was observed that there was significant difference between the size of both uterine horns. The relationship between the right uterine horn and left uterine horn in the alpaca is 0.79 and in the lama, the ratio of the measures is higher, 0.85 for length and 0.87 to the width, in favor of the left uterine horn. In both fetal uterus in the lama as alpaca, was observed that there was significant difference between the size of the left uterine horn and the right uterine horn. Conclusions: exits similarity between the shape of the uterus in the lama and alpaca fetuses in relation to the uterus of the corresponding adult female.
The guinea pig, as a livestock species, is still developing and growing throughout Peru and neighboring countries, as reflected by its increasing export since 2000. However, the selection of proven fertile males is tedious due to the absence of seminal parameter standards and the lack of safe semen collection techniques. Thus, pregnancy detection or live births are required for males’ selection. The purpose of this study was to describe the qualitative and quantitative semen parameters of fertile guinea pig males, to set reference values, and to validate a novel electroejaculation technique for the species. Semen was collected at weekly intervals from sixteen fertile males. Four transrectal electroejaculations were performed per male with 95% successful collections, yielding 39 viable semen samples. Seminal characteristics were as follows: pH 7.0 ± 0.13; ejaculate volume 0.67 ± 0.55 mL; sperm motility 90.81 ± 6.64%; sperm concentration 36.7 ± 28.41 × 106 sperm/mL; sperm count 20.09 ± 17.56 × 106 sperm/ejaculate; percentage of abnormal morphology 18.26 ± 8.52%; and percentage ubiquitinated spermatozoa 5.57 ± 6.28%. These values will serve as a reference to detect best breeding and infertile males rapidly. The described techniques are reproducible by commercial producers.
It is a fact that while even basic reproductive information on alpacas is unavailable, the normal ovarian reserve of this species in comparison to other species is also unidentified. In this study, the ovarian preantral follicles in healthy adult alpacas were characterized in order to establish a general model to in vitro studies. Ten ovaries were collected from five adult alpacas. The ovarian cortex samples were fixed with paraformaldehyde and histological analysis was done. Normal and degenerated follicles percentages were determined. The normal follicles were measured and classified in primordial, transitional, primary and secondary stages. Most of the preantral follicles present in the ovarian cortex of alpacas were primordial and transitional stages; primary (6.10%) and secondary (0.37%) follicles were rarely found. The primary and secondary follicles were larger in diameter when compared with the primordial and transitional follicles. The largest oocyte diameter was recorded in the secondary follicles (P < 0.05). This study serves to establish a biological model for future reproduction studies in Alpacas or as possible biological model for studies of folliculogenesis in humans.
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los métodos de control de la reproducción de uso potencial en campañas masivas de control poblacional de perros a través de la percepción de médicos veterinarios que laboran en clínica de animales de compañía. En la primera fase del estudio se hizo una revisión de literatura para recopilar información de los métodos de control reproductivos que se encuentran disponibles. En la segunda se definieron los criterios a utilizar para la evaluación de los métodos de control reproductivo (practicidad, económico, seguridad, rapidez y menores efectos secundarios) y la elaboración y validación del instrumento a utilizar en el estudio. En la tercera se aplicó la encuesta a médicos veterinarios (n=14) que laboraban en el área reproductiva en clínica de animales de compañía. La información fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva y se estableció un ranking de las metodologías más aceptadas para el control reproductivo de perros. Entre los métodos quirúrgicos, la histerectomía tuvo el mejor puntaje para las características evaluadas. De los métodos químicos el acetato de medroxiprogesterona y el acetato de megestrol en hembras fueron las mejor evaluadas. Los mayores puntajes promedios en general, para los métodos de control de la reproducción de perros, fueron para la orquiectomía (22,2), ovario histerectomía (20,2) y vasectomía (17,8), quienes resultaron como las mejores alternativas según la percepción de los médicos veterinarios evaluadores. La dificultad de sustentar un control poblacional de perros con base a métodos quirúrgicos, hace necesario indagar por otras alterativas; además de exigir cambios en las prácticas y costumbres en el manejo de los perros por parte de los propietarios, en favor de una tenencia responsable de estos animales.
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