Teaching medical students to integrate patient-centered skills into the medical interview is challenging. Longitudinal training requires significant curricular and faculty time. Unsupervised students risk harm if they uncover and inappropriately manage psychosocial issues in actual patients. They fear saying the wrong thing in emotionally charged situations. Two half-day workshops for pre-clinical students integrate patient-and physician-centered interviewing. The first occurs early in the first year. The second, late in the second year, presents interview challenges (e.g., breaking bad news). Ten professional actors portray standardized patients (SPs). Groups of 10 to 15 students interview an SP, each eliciting a part of the patient's story. Qualitative evaluation revealed that, for many students, SPs afford the opportunity to experiment without harming real patients. Students view the workshops as effective (mean score for first-year students, 6.6 [standard deviation (SD), 1.0], second-year students, 7.1 [SD, 0.7] on a Likert-type scale: 1 = not at all effective to 8 = very effective).
Cuba's transition to agroecology is perhaps as widely known as it is misunderstood. In response to the economic crisis of the early 1990s, the Cuban agricultural sector largely departed from the industrial model of food production that it had previously pursued. The subsequent transition towards an agroecological model has been a dynamic and uneven process, elevating Cuba on the world stage as a global leader in sustainable agriculture while at the same time producing unique challenges for Cuban farmers, policy makers, researchers and academics. This article synthesizes and updates contemporary literature on the Cuban agricultural system, paying attention to both successes and shortcomings of agroecology in Cuba to date. In particular, it situates these literatures alongside contributions from academics and practitioners alike, bringing a number of data sets, experiences, and perspectives into conversation in the context of changing realities within Cuba and the nation's evolving geopolitical relationship with the United States. By analyzing both the historical and contemporary processes through which agroecology has taken root in Cuba, we demonstrate that, despite its uneven and incomplete implementation, such a sustainable agroecological transition holds great, untapped potential. Agroecology in Cuba currently faces pressure from normalizing Cuba-US relations, with potentially profound implications for agriculture in both countries. But increasing opportunities are also emerging for investment, collaboration, knowledge exchange, and solidarity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the evolution of the Cuban agroecology movement; analyze the state of food security and challenges to food sovereignty on the island today; outline US-Cuba policy changes occurring since December 2014 that may affect the agrifood sector; and conclude with recommendations for supporting agroecology -for food security, food sovereignty, and sustainability -under this new and evolving relationship. Please refer to Supplementary Materials, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.337.s1, for a full text Spanish version of this article.La transición agroecológica cubana es quizás tan ampliamente conocida como malentendida. Como respuesta a la crisis económica a principio de los 90, el sector agropecuario cubano se apartó en gran medida del modelo industrial de producción alimentaria que anteriormente había perseguido. La transición posterior hacia un modelo agroecológico ha sido un proceso dinámico y heterogéneo, que 1) ha convertido a Cuba en líder en el desarrollo de una agricultura sostenible a escala global y que, al mismo tiempo, 2) ha producido
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol y drogas y los factores psicosociales asociados con dicho consumo en adolescentes de Lima. Diseño: Estudio analítico de corte transversal. Material y Métodos: Se estudió una muestra de 430 adolescentes de educación secundaria de un colegio de Lima. Se utilizó el Cuestionario Tamiz de Experiencias Personales (Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire - PESQ). Resultados: Se recibió 391 encuestas válidas. La prevalencia de consumo de alcohol o drogas fue 43%, de alcohol 42,2%, de marihuana 8,7% y de cocaína 3,1%. Se encontró problema de consumo de alcohol o drogas en el 10,7%, los factores psicosociales asociados fueron distrés psicológico severo (OR 4,58 IC 95% 1,60-13,05), pensamiento problemático severo (OR 2,63 IC 95% 1,15-6,01) y abuso físico (OR 2,31 IC 95% 1,19-4,49). Conclusiones: El factor psicosocial más asociado al problema de consumo de drogas fue el distrés psicológico severo. Asimismo, se encontró asociación entre el pensamiento problemático severo y el abuso físico con dicho problema. El acoso sexual sólo se encontró asociado en los adolescentes de segundo de secundaria.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.